Holds Flashcards
What are the maximum holding airspeeds and their associated altitudes?
Up to 6,000 ft
- 200 kts
6,001 ft - 14,000 ft
- 230 kts
14,001ft and above
- 265 kts
- Altitudes are in MSL.
How long should your Inbound leg be?
AIM 5-3-8
At or below 14,000ft
- 1 Min
Above 14,000ft
- 1.5 Mins
When does Outbound leg timing begin?
AIM 5-3-8
- Over or Abeam the fix, whichever occurs LAST. Always abeam the fix when on the FIRST outbound leg
- If that cannot be computed, timing will start at wings level
When does Inbound leg timing begin?
Pilots Cafe
- When established on the inbound leg and wings level.
What are the 3 Hold Entry Procedures and their order of priority?
- Direct
- Teardrop
- Parallel
What airspeed should we be at and when, prior to entering a hold
We should be at 100 kts airspeed when within 3NM of the holding fix.
Are left turns or right turns standard in holds?
Right turns are standard.
- If ATC does not specify left turns. Then right turns are to be assumed.
How will you know if you are to make standard turns or left turn in a hold?
- Turn as depicted on the chart if published
- ATC will specify Left turns, otherwise right (standard) turns are assumed
How should you perform turns when in a hold?
Turn at whichever allows the shallowest bank between..
1. Standard Rate
2. 30 degrees
3. 25 degrees if flight director is used
What is standard hold timing?
Inbound leg:
- At or below 14,000 ft MSL = 1 min legs
- Above 14,000 ft MSL = 1.5 min legs
*unless otherwise specified by a chart or ATC
What is standard hold length? (DME/GPS)
Inbound leg = 4 NM
*unless otherwise specified by a chart or ATC
What weather phenomenon makes flying hold complicated?
Wind
- Correcting for the wind in order to stay in the protected area and achieve proper hold timing adds complications
If your inbound hold leg is longer than 1 min, what should you do to adjust, what if its shorter?
If your inbound leg is too long:
- Shorten your outbound leg by 1/2 of the error
- You likely have a headwind on your inbound leg
If your inbound leg is too short:
- increase the timing of your outbound leg by 1/2 of the error
- You likely have a tailwind on your inbound leg
*Example: Inbound leg was 1:15 long. Decrease your outbound leg by 7 seconds ( fly 43 seconds)
When do you start your timer when beginning the outbound leg of a hold?
- When abeam the fix for the first outbound leg. Then on subsequent outbound legs, abeam the fix or when rolling wings level, whichever occurs last.
- If abeam cannot be determined:
- Start when ROLLING wings level
How do you know when you are abeam the fix when performing a VOR or GPS hold?
When the TO/FM indicator flips and the bearing pointer points perpendicular
*its always a good idea to use the bearing pointer whenever possible as it aids in situational awareness.