Preexamination/Preanalytical Considerations

Question 1

Preexamination/Preanalytical Phase of Testing

Answer 1

phase of the testing process begins for the lab when a test is ordered and ends when testing begins

Question 2

Reference Range/Intervals

Answer 2

results used in comparison for healthy people. gives a range with a high and low

Question 3

Basal State

Answer 3

the metabolic state of the body in the early morning after 12 hours of fasting. Influenced by age, gender, and conditions of body

Question 4

Jaundice

Answer 4

a condition where there is a build-up of bilirubin ( a yellow bile pigment) in the blood. causes the yellowing of the skin and eyes. can be treated with sunlight exposure

Question 5

Burns, Scars, and Tattoos

Answer 5

are problems areas and should be avoided if possible when drawing blood samples

Question 6

Sclerosed Vein

Answer 6

a vein that has been hardened

Question 7

Thrombosed Vein

Answer 7

a vein that has been clotted

Question 8

Edema

Answer 8

the swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues

Question 9

Hematoma

Answer 9

a swelling or mass of blood that can be caused by blood leaking from a vessel during venipuncture

Question 10

Mastectomy

Answer 10

because when a mastectomy occurs to a person, they lose lymph nodes so the blood composition can change. if possible draw from another location

Question 11

VAD

Answer 11

Vascular Access devices. are tubing and other devices that are specifically designed to allow entry to veins or arteries.

Question 12

IV

Answer 12

intravenous. a quick way to deliver fluids to a patient. if your patient has an IV in one arm draw in another location

Question 13

Arterial Line

Answer 13

a catheter that is placed in an artery. avoid this if drawing patient

Question 14

Arteriovenous Shunt or Fistula

Answer 14

The permanent, surgical fusion of an artery and a vein. avoid these sites during venipuncture

Question 15

CVAD

Answer 15

Central Vascular Access Devices. also called indwelling line that consists of tubing inserted into a main vein or artery. used for administering fluids and meds, monitoring pressures, and drawing blood. only draw from CVAD is you have been trained otherwise avoid these sites during venipuncture

Question 16

CVC

Answer 16

Central venous line. a line inserted into a large vein and advanced into the vena cava

Question 17

Implanted port

Answer 17

a small chamber attached to an indwelling line that is surgically implanted under the skin and commonly located in the upper chest or arm

Question 18

PICC

Answer 18

Peripherally inserted central catheter. a line inserted into the peripheral venous system and threaded into the central venous system

Question 19

Allergies to Equipment

Answer 19

ensure your patient does not have any allergies to the equipment used during venipuncture, if they do adjust venipuncture procedure accordingly

Question 20

Syncope

Answer 20

the medical term for fainting. if a patient faints during venipuncture procedure stop immediately and attend to patient

Question 21

Petechiae

Answer 21

tiny, non-raised red spots. these spots are minute drops of blood that escape the capillaries and come to the surface of the skin below the tourniquet

Question 22

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 22

low platelet count

Question 23

Iatrogenic Anemia

Answer 23

describes an adverse condition brought on by the effects of treatment, blood loss brought about by blood draws.

Question 24

Exsanguination

Answer 24

blood loss to a point at which life cannot be sustained. this point is when more than 10% of blood has been lost

Question 25

Nerve Injury

Answer 25

caused by improper site or vein selection, inserting the needle too deeply or quickly, excessive redirection, or blind probing. If vein entry is not successful remove needle and try another site

Question 26

Reflux of Additive

Answer 26

when blood flows back into the pt vein from the collection tube, which can cause an adverse reaction in the pt

Question 27

Hemoconcentration

Answer 27

a decrease in fluid content of blood, caused by stagnation of normal venous flow due to tourniquet

Question 28

Hemolysis

Answer 28

damage to or destruction of RBCs

Question 29

Collapsed Vein

Answer 29

vein walls draw together temporarily, which shuts off the flow of blood. these are caused by vacuum or plunger pressure, tourniquet is too tight or too close to a site, tourniquet is removed during draw.

Question 30

Lipemic

Answer 30

describing serum or plasma that appears milky or turbid due to high lipid content

Question 31

Icteric

Answer 31

a term meaning marked by jaundice. used to describe serum, plasma, or urine samples that have an abnormal deep yellow to yellow-brown color due to high bilirubin levels

Question 32

Analyte

Answer 32

A general term for a substance undergoing analysis or being measured