Preexamination/Preanalytical Considerations Flashcards
Preexamination/Preanalytical Phase of Testing
phase of the testing process begins for the lab when a test is ordered and ends when testing begins
Reference Range/Intervals
results used in comparison for healthy people. gives a range with a high and low
Basal State
the metabolic state of the body in the early morning after 12 hours of fasting. Influenced by age, gender, and conditions of body
Jaundice
a condition where there is a build-up of bilirubin ( a yellow bile pigment) in the blood. causes the yellowing of the skin and eyes. can be treated with sunlight exposure
Burns, Scars, and Tattoos
are problems areas and should be avoided if possible when drawing blood samples
Sclerosed Vein
a vein that has been hardened
Thrombosed Vein
a vein that has been clotted
Edema
the swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues
Hematoma
a swelling or mass of blood that can be caused by blood leaking from a vessel during venipuncture
Mastectomy
because when a mastectomy occurs to a person, they lose lymph nodes so the blood composition can change. if possible draw from another location
VAD
Vascular Access devices. are tubing and other devices that are specifically designed to allow entry to veins or arteries.
IV
intravenous. a quick way to deliver fluids to a patient. if your patient has an IV in one arm draw in another location
Arterial Line
a catheter that is placed in an artery. avoid this if drawing patient
Arteriovenous Shunt or Fistula
The permanent, surgical fusion of an artery and a vein. avoid these sites during venipuncture
CVAD
Central Vascular Access Devices. also called indwelling line that consists of tubing inserted into a main vein or artery. used for administering fluids and meds, monitoring pressures, and drawing blood. only draw from CVAD is you have been trained otherwise avoid these sites during venipuncture
CVC
Central venous line. a line inserted into a large vein and advanced into the vena cava
Implanted port
a small chamber attached to an indwelling line that is surgically implanted under the skin and commonly located in the upper chest or arm
PICC
Peripherally inserted central catheter. a line inserted into the peripheral venous system and threaded into the central venous system
Allergies to Equipment
ensure your patient does not have any allergies to the equipment used during venipuncture, if they do adjust venipuncture procedure accordingly
Syncope
the medical term for fainting. if a patient faints during venipuncture procedure stop immediately and attend to patient
Petechiae
tiny, non-raised red spots. these spots are minute drops of blood that escape the capillaries and come to the surface of the skin below the tourniquet
Thrombocytopenia
low platelet count
Iatrogenic Anemia
describes an adverse condition brought on by the effects of treatment, blood loss brought about by blood draws.
Exsanguination
blood loss to a point at which life cannot be sustained. this point is when more than 10% of blood has been lost
Nerve Injury
caused by improper site or vein selection, inserting the needle too deeply or quickly, excessive redirection, or blind probing. If vein entry is not successful remove needle and try another site
Reflux of Additive
when blood flows back into the pt vein from the collection tube, which can cause an adverse reaction in the pt
Hemoconcentration
a decrease in fluid content of blood, caused by stagnation of normal venous flow due to tourniquet
Hemolysis
damage to or destruction of RBCs
Collapsed Vein
vein walls draw together temporarily, which shuts off the flow of blood. these are caused by vacuum or plunger pressure, tourniquet is too tight or too close to a site, tourniquet is removed during draw.
Lipemic
describing serum or plasma that appears milky or turbid due to high lipid content
Icteric
a term meaning marked by jaundice. used to describe serum, plasma, or urine samples that have an abnormal deep yellow to yellow-brown color due to high bilirubin levels
Analyte
A general term for a substance undergoing analysis or being measured
