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Phlebotomy > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

lab concerned with the detection and measurement of chemical substances in body fluids. this department performs most lab tests. Tubes include Grey, Light Green, Green, Gold, Tan, Red, Royal Blue and Orange. An example of a test would be a Chem Panel.

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2
Q

Hematology

A

this department performs lab tests that discover, identify, and monitor diseases and other problems associated with blood and blood-forming tissues. Tube is Lavender and an example test is a CBC

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3
Q

Coagulation

A

these tests are used to discover, identify and monitor defects in the blood-clotting mechanism. Tube is Light Blue and an example test is a PT, INR, PTT.

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4
Q

Serology or Immunology

A

these tests are used to identify antibodies and antigens that are the body’s response to the presence of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic diseases. Immunology tests determine the compatibility of organs, other tissues, and bone marrow for transplant purposes. Tube would be a RED top and example test is Rubella Titer

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5
Q

Microbiology

A

this department analyzes blood and other body fluids for the presence of microorganisms. Tube would be a YELLOW top or a blood culture bottle and an example test is C&S

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6
Q

Blood Bank or Immunohematology

A

prepares blood products to be used for patient transfusions. Tube would be a PINK top and example of test is Type and Screen

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7
Q

Histology

A

tests are used to evaluate samples of tissues from surgeries and autopsies under a microscope to determine if they are normal or pathological

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8
Q

Cytology

A

tests are concerned with the structure of cells

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9
Q

HIPPA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. a law that was enacted to more closely secure private patient information

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10
Q

Medicare

A

a medical insurance program that primarily seres individuals over the age of 65 and certain younger individuals who are disabled or on dialysis

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11
Q

Medicaid

A

an assistance program that serves low-income individuals of any age

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12
Q

Role of Phlebotomist

A

the individual trained in various techniques to obtain blood for laboratory testing or blood donations. Duties include prepping pts and sites for specimen collection, collecting venipuncture & capillary specimens, preparing specimens for transport, adhering to HIPPA, transporting samples

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13
Q

American Medical Technologist

A

Certification Title and Initials: Registered Phlebotomy Technician, RPT

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14
Q

American Certification Agency

A

Certification Title and Initials: Certified Phlebotomy Technician, CPT

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15
Q

American Society for Clinical Pathology

A

Certification Title and Initials: Phlebotomy Technician, PBT

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16
Q

National Center for Competency Testing

A

Certification Title and Initials: National Certified Phlebotomy Technician, NCPT

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17
Q

Hemoconcentration

A

a decrease in the fluid content of the blood with an increase in nonfilterable large molecules or protein-based blood components. Caused by overuse of tourniquet, heavy massaging of draw site, drawing blood from sclerosed or occluded veins, and vigorous hand pumping

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18
Q

Hemolysis

A

occurs when damaged or destroyed RBC leak hemoglobin in the fluid portion of the blood sample. Caused by drawing blood through a hematoma, failure to transport specimens in a correct manner, probing to find a vein, mixing tubes too vigorously, using a needle that is too small during venipuncture, etc ( Box 9-3 on p 293)

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19
Q

Other ways that can lead to specimen compromise

A

Underfilling a tube, allowing contamination from alcohol wipes, fingerprints, or drawing in the incorrect order, collecting specimen in wrong or expired tube

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20
Q

QC

A

Quality Control. specific activities and techniques that are performed to fulfill the requirements for quality service or products

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21
Q

QA

A

Quality Assurance. processes used to create standards for quality service or product and prevention of issues

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22
Q

TJC

A

The Joint Commission. an independent, nonprofit org charged with establishing standards for the operation of hospitals and other healthcare facilities.

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23
Q

Class A Fire

A

ordinary combustibles. use water, foam or dry chemical based extinguishers

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24
Q

Class B fires

A

flammable liquids. use foam or dry chemical based extinguishers

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25
Q

Class C Fires

A

electrical equipment fires. use carbon dioxide or dry chemical based extinguishers

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26
Q

Class D Fires

A

combustible metals. use dry powder based extinguishers

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27
Q

Class K Fires

A

cooking oil fire. use a potassium-based alkaline liquid extinguisher

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28
Q

First Aid for a Hemorrage

A

apply controlled pressure to wound and use gauze to control blood leakage

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29
Q

First Aid for Shock

A

main objective is to improve blood circulation. maintain airway, keep victim laying down, elevate legs at least 12 in if possible and keep victim calm until help arrives

30
Q

Adult CPR

A

compression rate 100-120 bpm, compression depth of at least 2 inches, allow full recoil, 2 breaths every 30 compressions

31
Q

Child CPR

A

30 compressions- 2 breaths for one responder and 15 compressions - 2 breaths for two responders, compression depth of at least 1.5-2 in, compression rate of 100-120 bpm

32
Q

Universal Precautions

A

the blood and certain body fluids (semen, vaginal secretions, internal body fluids, body fluids with visible blood, saliva from dental procedures) of all individuals are to be treated as infectious

33
Q

PPE

A

Personal Protective Equipment. these materials provide a barrier against infection. they include gloves, mask/respirators, gown, lab coat, scrubs, face shield, and goggles

34
Q

Tests used in the screening of HCW

A

Tb skin test, immunizations including hepatitis B, influenza, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, meningococcal, Tdap, and Varicella

35
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Admin. a part of the infection control program that provides evaluation and treatment of employees that are exposed to infections on the job

36
Q

What to do in the event of an accidental needlestick

A
  1. Immediately flush site with water
  2. Write down name and ID# of pt
  3. Notify supervisor
  4. Fill out incident form
  5. Visit physician and monitor health status accordingly
37
Q

Transverse Plane

A

divides body the body horizontally into upper and lower portions

38
Q

Saggital Plane

A

divides body into left and right portions

39
Q

Frontal Plane

A

divides body vertically into front and back portions

40
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

composed of the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

41
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

composed of the thoracic, abdominal, and the pelvic cavity

42
Q

Integumentary System

A

FUNCTION: protects the body from bacterial invasion, dehydration, and the harmful rays of the sun
STRUCTURES: skin, exocrine glands, hair, and nails

43
Q

Muscular System

A

FUNCTION: gives the body the ability to move, maintain posture, and produce heat
STRUCTURES: cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles

44
Q

Skeletal System

A

FUNCTION: the framework that gives the body shape and support, protects internal organs, and aids in providing movement and leverage
STRUCTURES: flat, irregular, long and short bones

45
Q

Nervous System

A

FUNCTION: controls and coordinates activities of various body systems by means of electrical impulses and chemical substances sent to and received from various parts of the body
STRUCTURES: Neurons

46
Q

Endocrine System

A

FUNCTION: secretes hormones into the bloodstream
STRUCTURES: Pituitary gland (major component)

47
Q

Digestive System

A

FUNCTION: takes in food and breaks it down into usable components and eliminates waste
STRUCTURES: Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus

48
Q

Reproductive System

A

FUNCTION: to produce gametes needed to form a new human
STRUCTURES: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal ducts, urethra, penis, spermatic cords, and scrotum

49
Q

Urinary System

A

FUNCTION: filters waste products from the blood and eliminate them from the body
STRUCTURES: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and a urethra

50
Q

Respiratory System

A

FUNCTION: delivers a constant supply of O2 to all the cells of the body and removes CO2
STRUCTURES: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

51
Q

Direction of Blood Flow

A

IVC/SVC –> Pulmonary Valve –> Rt Atrium –> Tricuspid Valve –> Rt ventricle –> Pulmonary Artery –> Lung –> Pulmonary Vein –> Lt Atrium –> Bicuspid Valve –> Lt Ventricle –> Aortic Valve –> Aorta –> Body

52
Q

Hemostatic Process

A
  1. Vasoconstriction: a reduction in the diameter of the blood vessel
  2. Primary Platelet Plug: a temporary plug
  3. Secondary Hemostatic Plug Formation: progression to a more stable blood clot
  4. Fibrinolysis: the dissolving of a clot
53
Q

How is your blood type determined

A

depends on which RBC antigen ( A, B, or O), which plasma antibody (Anti A, or B), and whether you have the Rh blood group present in your blood.

54
Q

Serum

A

the liquid that remains after blood has been clotted. does not contain fibrinogen

55
Q

Plasma

A

the fluid part of the blood used for testing that contains fibrinogen

56
Q

Needle Gauge

A

the number that indicates the diameter of the lumen. the smaller the number bigger the diameter of the needle. The most common needle gauges are 20-23.

57
Q

Order of Draw for Normal Venipuncture Procedure

A

Blood Culture (Yellow) –> Sodium Citrate (Lt Blue) –> Serum Tube ( Red, Orange, or Gold) –> Heparin (Green) –> EDTA (Lavender or Pink) –> Potassium Oxalate (Grey)

58
Q

Order of Draw for Capillary Puncture

A

Blood Gas Specimens (CBGs) –> EDTA –> Other additive –> Serum Specimens

59
Q

ETDA

A

is an anticoagulant that removes calcium from the blood. found in lavender, pink, royal blue, tan, and pearl top tubes

60
Q

Citrates

A

a type of anticoagulant that binds to calcium to prevent blood clotting. Found in light blue tops, these tubes must contain a 9:1 ratio of blood to additive to get the most accurate test results

61
Q

Heparin

A

is an anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin ( an enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin) and factor X. found in green top tubes

62
Q

Oxalates

A

an anticoagulant that removes calcium from the blood to prevent clotting. found in grey top tubes

63
Q

ACD or SPS

A

prevents coagulation by binding calcium. found in yellow tubes

64
Q

How Should Ammonia Specimens be transported

A

Placed in ice slurry or cooling tray and transported stat

65
Q

PT Test Transport and Handling

A

these tests should be ran within 4 hrs of collection and can be held at room temp

66
Q

Tests to keep at Body Temp

A

Cold agglutinin, cryo-fibrinogen, cryoglobulin

67
Q

Tests to keep in ice slurry or cooling rack

A

ACTH, ammonia, catecholamines, gastrin, lactic acid, PTH

68
Q

Tests that need protection from light

A

beta-carotene, bilirubin, folate, vitamins A, B, & C, urine porphobilinogen & porphyrins

69
Q

Nonblood Sample Labeling

A

Name of pt and one other identifier, date and time of collection, phlebotomist initials, and type or source of specimen

70
Q

Procedure of 24 Urine Collection

A
  1. Void into toilet after waking
  2. note time and begin collections after this point
  3. collect throughout the day and refrigerate
  4. void one last time at the end of 24 hr period
  5. seal container and transport to lab asap

Phlebotomy (11 decks)

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