Capillary Puncture Flashcards

1
Q

Lancet

A

sterile, disposable, sharp-pointed or bladed instrument. designed to collect capillary blood from either a finger or heel puncture

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2
Q

Microcollection Containers/Microtubes

A

small plastic tubes used to collect tiny amounts of blood from capillary punctures. are color-coded and or have stoppers & markings for min/max fill levels

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3
Q

Microhematocrit Tubes & sealants

A

disposable, narrow-bore plastic or plastic-clad glass tube. filled by capillary action

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4
Q

Capillary Blood Gas Equipment

A

CBG collection tubes, stirrers, magnet, and plastic caps

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5
Q

Capillary Specimens

A

a mix of arterial and venous blood.

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6
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

tissue fluid from spaces between cells

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7
Q

Intracellular Fluid

A

fluid inside of cells

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8
Q

When to do a capillary puncture

A

when…
- ordered
-available veins are fragile or need to be saved for other procedures
-several unsuccessful venipuncture attempts have been performed
-pt has clot-forming tendencies or is apprehensive or has an intense fear of needles
-there are no accessible veins
- for POCT procedures
- pt is an infant or a young child

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9
Q

Capillary Order of Draw

A

CBGs –> EDTA –> Other additive specimens –> Serum specimens

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10
Q

General Capillary Puncture (GCP) Steps 1-5

A

Same as general venipuncture steps. Greet pt and ID, explain procedure and get consent, verify collection reqs & identify sensitivities & potential problems, sanitize & put on gloves

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11
Q

GCP Step 6

A

Position pt.
-finger puncture: arm supported on firm surface, hand extended & palm up
-young child: held in lap of parent or guardian
-infant heel puncture: supine w. foot lower than torso

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12
Q

GCP Step 7

A

Select Puncture Site. ensure skin is warm, pink, and a normal color with no scarring, cuts, bruises, rashes, cyanosis, edema, or infection. In adults & older children use the palmar surface of distal or end segment of middle or ring finger in nondominant hand and in the central, fleshy portion of the finger. In infants use finger puncture for infants 6 to 12 months, & during heel puncture use the plantar surface on the medial or lateral edge to avoid bone damage

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13
Q

GCP Steps 8/9

A

Warm the site using appropriate methods and clean site with antiseptic & allow to air dry

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14
Q

GCP Step 10/11

A

prep equipment including gloves, collection devices and sterile lancets (open packaging in front of pt). grasp the finger or heel firmly

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15
Q

GCP Step 12

A

Place lancet flat against skin, warn pt, activate release mechanism to puncture pt and remove device and dispose of in sharps container

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16
Q

GCP Steps 13-15

A

Lower finger or heel & apply gentle pressure until blood droplet form, and wipe away the first drop to avoid contamination. Fill and Mix Tubes in the correct order of Draw

17
Q

GCP Steps 16-20

A

Place gauze, apply pressure, and elevate site. Label & prepare specimens for transport/handling. Check site and apply bandage. Discard all materials, thank pt and remove gloves & sanitize hands. Transport specimen to correct lab

18
Q

Kernicterus and Phototherapy

A

a brain dysfunction caused by toxic levels of bilirubin. Treatment for this disease is phototherapy where the usage of light breaks down the excess bilirubin

19
Q

Neonatal screening

A

a state-mandated test for newborns to detect certain genetic, metabolic, hormonal, or functional disorders/conditions that can cause serious handicaps later in life if not detected and treated early

20
Q

PKU

A

Phenylketonuria. a genetic disorder characterized by a defect in the enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine converting it to tyrosine

21
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

a disorder characterized by insufficient levels of thyroid hormones

22
Q

Galactosemia

A

a inherited disorder characterized by the lack of an enzyme needed to break down the milk sugar galactose into glucose

23
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

a genetic disorder caused by one or more mutations in the gene that directs a protein responsible for regulating the transport of Cl across cell membranes

24
Q

Blood film/smear

A

a drop of blood spread thin on a microscope slide

25
Q

Manual Differential

A

a test in which the number, type, and characteristics of blood cells are determined by examining a stained blood smear under a microscope