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BIOL 208 Midterm 2 > Predation 1 > Flashcards

Predation 1 Flashcards

1
Q

eating another organism is

A

exploitation

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2
Q

what is the difference between herbivory and carnivory

A

carnivores kill. herbivores do not usually, however reduce fitness of, and reproduction

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3
Q

what is the optimal foraging theory?
what does it depend on?

A

tells about dietary specialization
it relies on the encounter rate, and the handling time

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4
Q

encounter rate:

A

time it takes to search and find prey

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5
Q

handling time

A

time it takes to subdue/ consume/ digest prey

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6
Q

herbivores tend to be
why?

exception??

A

-specialists
-because plants are tough to digest and require adaptations to be efficient
-grasshoppers are generalist

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7
Q

what do most herbivores eat, and why?

A

leaves,
because they are abundant and nutritious, sometimes year round
some specialize on roots

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8
Q

what are the 2 types of herbivores

A

-grazers
-browsers

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9
Q

Grazers

A

feeds on nutritious rich, low growing non-woody shit
cows and horses

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10
Q

browsers

A

feed on nutrient poor stuff thats high growing, like leafs or twigs

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11
Q

effect of successful predation: herbivores vs carnivores

A

-carnivores is obvious, death
-herbivore doesnt immediately kill however

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12
Q

in grasses, a predation event

A

stimulates growth

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13
Q

The effect of geese grazing on grass growth

A

above ground biomass decreased,
HOWEVER, primary productivity increased

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14
Q

Productivity of grass only elevated with

A

Light grazing, feces is like fertilizer, occurs in early summer
if criteria not met, productivity and biomass decrease

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15
Q

Carnivores tend to have

A

broad diets, generalists

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16
Q

carnivores eat prey in relation to their availability
what is the exception

A

dont show preference

exceptions–lynx and coyote eat primarily hares

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17
Q

Prey Switching also known as

A

-predators concentrate on whatever prey most abundant
-frequency dependent predation

18
Q

-what adaptions do cheetas have for catching prey
-what are the tradeoffs

A

-specialized for bursts of speed
-trade off: stamina not great

19
Q

snake adaptations for prey

A

-skull bones not not rigidly attached
-consume prey larger than their heads

20
Q

komodo dragons

A

-venom
-anti coagulates, prey bleed out

21
Q

mimicry

A

mimic surroundings and ambush mfs

22
Q

garter snake

A

detoxify poison,however puts them in a vulnerable position

23
Q

what are prey populations affected by?

A

-Food availability
- consumtive effect on predators
-non consumptive effects on predators

24
Q

Lynx and hare - predator prey dynamics

A

-pops go through cycles where they peak every 10 years
-affected by lynx and other factors

25
Q

consumptive effect of predation

A

direct effects of predators on prey population through capture and consumption

26
Q

Non consumptive effects of predation

A

due to predators being present, morphological, stress physiology, and behaviour changes

27
Q

when does non consumptive effects change reproduction rates

A

results when direct consumptive effects of predation are high

28
Q

What happens to hares when there is high predation rate
-high numbers of predators even with low predation rate:

A

-mfs got high blood cortisol lvls
- dont reproduce as much
applies to when dogs are present aswell, even if dogs dont eat them

29
Q

Dugongs(sea cows) response to tiger shark density

A

go deep so they avoid predators, even if less food

30
Q

if given enough food hare pop

how does supply and predation affect this?

A

grows exponentially

hella mfs get eaten, heavy browsing induces chemical defences of plants aswell, food shortages cause a decrease in pop

31
Q

the lotka volterra model for predation ignores

A

competition

32
Q

prey subscript

A

H

33
Q

predator subscript

A

P

34
Q

Predator prey dynamics

A
  1. describe population growth of prey
    –> change in num of prey over period of time
    2.add in predation as a factor –> THE BREAK to the prey pop growth
35
Q

what is b?

A

capture efficiency

–> success rate of predator

36
Q

if pred catches 1 out of 50 prey–>

A

capture efficiency is 1/50

37
Q

what is c?

A

conversion factor–> how many prey to produce one predator

38
Q

if Np > rh/b

A

prey pop decreases

39
Q

Np < rh/b

A

prey pop increases

40
Q

number of prey is on what axis?

A

the X axis

BIOL 208 Midterm 2 (10 decks)

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