Life History Tradeoffs

Question 1

Principle of Allocation

Answer 1

Amt of energy available limited to each organism

Question 2

What is life history

Answer 2

Description of organisms characteristics from birth till death

Question 3

5 key life history traits

Answer 3

body size- length weight etc
fecundity- num offspring per episode
parity- num episodes for reproduction
-maturity- at what time can mfs reproduce
aging/ senescence- life span

Question 4

Organisms exist to

Answer 4

maximize reproductive success

Question 5

semelparous vs iteroperous

Answer 5

semelparous mean one reproduction event per life
iteroperous means multiple throughout lifetime

Question 6

Monocarpic plant

Answer 6

flowers and sets seeds once

Question 7

polycarpic plantA

Answer 7

flowers and sets seeds multiple times

Question 8

Annual Plant

Answer 8

completes life cycle in one growing season

Question 9

Perrenial plant

Answer 9

completes life cycle in multiple growing seasons

Question 10

Allometry

Answer 10

study of scaling between body size and various biological traits and function

Question 11

What is significant about body size

Answer 11

influences relationship between temperature, energy, water, nutrient aquisition

Question 12

Offspring size vs. offspring __

Answer 12

number

Question 13

Seed size vs. seed ____________
explain

Answer 13

-dispersal
-larger the seed mass, the larger the dispersal
-because big mfs eat seeds and move them places, while wind takes them low distance
-also coorelated with plant height

Question 14

dispersal

Answer 14

permanent movement

Question 15

migration

Answer 15

non permanent movement- seasonally

Question 16

seed dispersal

Answer 16

spread of seeds from mother plant

Question 17

what factors affect seed dispersal

Answer 17

plant height, seed size

Question 18

gene flow

Answer 18

transfer of genetic information across populations

Question 19

how does having more, smaller eggs affect gene flow?

Answer 19

bigger eggs have low gene flow, less eggs have more gene flow
-they drift further away
-low genetic isolation

Question 20

in grasses and forbs, larger seedling are associated with

Answer 20

higher requitment rates

Question 21

Reproductive effort

Answer 21

allocation of energy towards reproduction, formation of eggs and offspring care

Question 22

what happens when organism invests early into reproduction

Answer 22

cannot allocate more to growth and survival

Question 23

Organisms that opt for survival rate

Answer 23

reproduce at later stage
reproduce at later date

Question 24

as mean adult survival rate increases

Answer 24

so does mean age at maturity

Question 25

Fish with higher mortality rates

Answer 25

reach reproductive maturity at earlier age and vice versa

Question 26

Variation of life history within species example
(hooknose and jack)

Answer 26

Hooknose and jacks
hooknoses fight for female, mature at later age
jacks sneak fuck female–> mature earlier

Question 27

Characteristics selected for by r species
pop growth
competetiveness
development
reproduction
body size
reproduction
offspring

Answer 27

high potential pop growth rate
not favored
fast
early
small
semelparitous
small and fast

Question 28

Characteristics selected for by k species
pop growth
competetiveness
development
reproduction
body size
reproduction
offspring

Answer 28

low
favored
slow
late
large
iteroparitous
large and slow

Question 29

Grimes Triangle

Answer 29

3 corners of classifying life history for plants–> competitive
ruderal
stress tolerant

Question 30

Grimes Triangle: Competitive

Answer 30

-Low disturbance, high productivity environments
-plants usually grow fast

Question 31

Grimes Triangle: Ruderal

Answer 31

-High disturbance, low stress environments
-grow rapidly
-large amts of tiny seeds
-often annual plants
-invest little in growth and maintenence

Question 32

Grimes Triangle: Stress Tolerant

Answer 32

-high stress, low competitive environments
-glow slowly
- invest in physiological stress tolerance OVER growth

Question 33

is it common for plants to fall in the corners?

Answer 33

No, most plants fall within the triangle, showing characteristics of each

Question 35

E P O scheme

Answer 35

-opportunistic life history–>
-periodic life history–>
-equilibrium life history–>

Question 36

opportunistic life history

Answer 36

low survival, EARLY MATURITY, high fecundity

Question 37

periodic life history

Answer 37

low survival, late maturity, HIGH FECUNDITY

Question 38

equilibrium life history

Answer 38

HIGH SURVIVAL, qlate maturity, low fecundity