Competition 1

Question 1

Individuals in populations usually

Answer 1

do not live in isolation of other species

Question 2

species interactions are

Answer 2

the effect that a pair of organisms have on eachother

Question 3

trophic interactions

Answer 3

relationships about feeding

Question 4

reproductive interactions

Answer 4

interactions about reproduction

Question 5

Habitat related

Answer 5

species creating habitats

Question 6

Competition

Answer 6

• -

Question 7

mutualism

Answer 7

+ +

Question 8

exploitation

Answer 8

+ -

Question 9

amensalism

Answer 9

• 0

Question 10

Commensalism

Answer 10

+ 0

Question 11

Neutralism

Answer 11

0 0

Question 12

what breaks exponential growth at K/2?

Answer 12

Intraspecific competition

Question 13

Intraspecific competition

Answer 13

within species competition

Question 14

Interspecific competition

Answer 14

between species competition

Question 15

Different modes of competition

Answer 15

interference competition- direct

exploitative competition - indirect, individuals do not interact

Question 16

does interspecific or intraspecific have more of an effect on population growth

Answer 16

intraspecific

Question 17

intraspecific competition leads to a fitness reduction in ______ individual(s)

Answer 17

both

Question 18

intraspecific and interspecific competition can be both

Answer 18

direct and indirect

Question 19

if resources are infinite, what does not occur?

Answer 19

intraspecific competition

Question 20

in interspecific competition, we can model which species will win via

Answer 20

lotka volterra model

Question 21

what happens when 2 species share the same niche?

Answer 21

interspecific competition

Question 22

Interference competition

Answer 22

-direct aggressive interaction between individuals
-most common in animals

Question 23

Exploitative competition

Answer 23

-indirect competition to secure resources first
-more common in plants

Question 24

Phillip Grime’s proposal

Answer 24

competition is at its lowest point when there is a high resource availability because population will be highest

Question 25

David tilman- later supported by richard reader

Answer 25

competition is at both high and now productivity, but competitive in high productive enviros is aboveground, while competition in low production areas is belowgroundtan

Question 26

tansley competition in galium

Answer 26

saxatile grows exclusively on acidic soils pumilum grows on basic soils he grew both and they could germinate when alone, however pumilum was outcompeted in acidic soil vice versa for other mf

Question 27

what was tansley's study evidence for?

Answer 27

realized vs fundamental niche

Question 28

connell- comp in barnacles

Answer 28

interspecific competition, enviro stress and predation responsible for contrasting distribution along intertidal

Question 29

competetive exclusion principle

Answer 29

two species with same niche cannot co-exist aka GAUSE'S LAW

Question 30

stable coexistance rarely occurs, what happens instead?

Answer 30

species occupy realized niche

Question 31

when does exclusion not occur?

Answer 31

-when disease and predation are the bigger limiting factors -in extreme or highly variable environments

Question 32

_______ is a selective force in evolution

Answer 32

competition

Question 33

what does competition select for??

Answer 33

1. frequency of the most competitive, 2. frequency of those who avoid competition

Question 34

what are examples of avoiding competition? (2)

Answer 34

1.niche divergence--> resource partitioning, conditional partitioning 2.character displacement

Question 35

character displacement

Answer 35

changes in the characteristics of a species population as a consequence of natural selection for reduced competition in regions where species co-occur

Question 36

Just because related species show different adaptations and occupy the same geographical area

Answer 36

DOES not mean they evolved as a result of character displacement

Question 37

7 ways to test for non character displacement

Answer 37

1. random chance ruled out 2. phenotypic difference have genetic basis 3.phenotypic differences in sympatry should result from evolutionary shifts 4. phenotypic differences should relate to resource use 5. sites of sympatry and allopatry should not differ in food or other environmental features 6. evidence that similar phenotypes actually compete for resources

Question 38

benthic vs limnetic species

Answer 38

benthic occupies bottom of le water limnetic occupies top

Question 39

exploitative competition in plants

Answer 39

1. start as seedlings, hella mfs, low biomass 2. intermediate amt of mfs still low biomass 3. mfs outcompete others, low numbers, high biomass