Precision Medicine Flashcards
what are two genetic variants that affect drug action?
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
sets of closely linked SNPs (haplotypes)
what is a single nucleotide polymorphism genetic variant?
single-nucleotide substitutions of one base for another
what are haplotypes genetic variant?
group of a cluster of SNPs within an organism inherited from a single parent
how many SNPs are in the human genome?
10 million
where are SNP variations commonly found?
between genes
how do SNPs act as biological markers?
help locate genes associated with disease
T/F SNPs can predispose people to disease or influence their response to a drug
True
what do non-coding SNPs do?
change the amount of protein produced
what do coding SNPs do?
changes amino acid sequence
if SNPs are outside of the specific gene, can they effect protein production/function?
No
define penetrance
the proportion of people with a particular gene exhibiting signs and symptoms of a genetic disorder
which of these factors influence drug response?
a. gender
b. height
c. age
d. body mass
e. congenital conditions
f. diet
g. presence of other drugs
h. disease
i. fluid intake
j. exposure to certain chemicals or toxins
k. tobacco/alcohol
l. genetic factors
m. DNA synthesis
a,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l
T/F pharmacogenetic testing prior to drug us is common before administration of drugs
False, limited to specialized drugs such as chemotherapy
define genetics
the study of single genes and its effects
define genome
all the genetic material of an organism
define genomics
the study of all genes in the genome
define pharmacogenomics
study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs to administer safe medications and doses specific to the patients genetics
define precision medicine
an approach for disease treatment and prevention that accounts for variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle of each patient
why is precision medicine the future of medicine?
allow us to predict more accurately which treatment and prevention strategies for a particular disease will work in which groups of people
define optimal dose range for a drug
efficacy is greatest and toxicity is lowest
define transcriptome
all of the expresses RNA molecules in a cell at a given time
provides info about how highly various genes are expressed
define proteome
shape-shifting proteins
define epigenome
study of changes in regulation of gene activity and expression that are not dependent on gene sequence
