Exam 1 Study Guide

Question 1

What are Pharmacogenetic Variations?

Answer 1

Genetic variants such as SNPs and haplotypes that affect drug action.

Question 2

What is Pharmacogenomics?

Answer 2

The study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs.

Question 3

What is Precision Medicine?

Answer 3

The approach for disease treatment and prevention based on each individual’s genetic profile, environment, and lifestyle.

Question 4

What is a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)?

Answer 4

A single nucleotide substitution in the genome every certain number of nucleotides.

Question 5

Chromatin remodeling complexes are

Answer 5

protein complexes that make genomic DNA more or less accessible to transcription factors for transcriptional activation of specific genes.

Question 6

How can nucleosome remodeling alter chromatin structure?

Answer 6

By altering the position or composition of nucleosomes relative to DNA wrapped around them.

Question 7

Levels of gene expression in a cell are best detected by the following approach

Answer 7

RNA-Sequencing (RNASe).

Question 8

A post-mitotic human somatic cell (neuron, hepatocyte, cardiomyocyte etc.)

Answer 8

has a unique gene expression profile

Question 9

Epigenetics are heritable traits that are linked to

Answer 9

nucleosome remodeling.

Question 10

A proteomics approach such as Mass Spectrometry can be used

Answer 10

to detect the presence of biomarkers in disease state cells.

Question 11

DNA amplification in a test tube can be accomplished by

Answer 11

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Question 12

Identical twins

a. may respond differently to drugs because they have different epigenomes.
b. will develop the same diseases.
c. will exhibit the same response to the same drug.
d. have different genome sequences.
e. will respond the same to an exogenous stimulus.

Answer 12

a

Question 13

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells

Answer 13

are reprogrammed somatic postmitotic cells.

Question 14

During the disease progression of an organ

Answer 14

new cell states (types) develop due to different gene expression.

Question 15

The human genome

a. is completely different between all individuals.
b. has a 10% nucleotide difference across individuals.
c. is 100% identical in all humans.
d. has 0.1% nucleotide difference across individuals.
e. has a 1% nucleotide difference across individuals

Answer 15

d

Question 16

The DNA editing technique CRISP/Cas9 can

a. change the histone assembly of the nucleosome.
b. modify DNA sequences.
c. be used to treat all types of disease.
d. alter DNA enzymatic modifications.
e. duplicate chromosomes

Answer 16

b

Question 17

Mendelian Inherited Diseases have

Answer 17

patterns of inheritance due to a single gene.