Pre to Post industrial Britain

Question 1

Describe transport, communications and technology

Answer 1

• Birth of the railway
• Affordable for first and second classes to holiday by the sea but people in working class went with their factory to support teams
• Literature increased and newspapers became widely accessible
• Purpose built facilities and equipment

Question 2

Describe time and wealth

Answer 2

• Upper class had time and wealth
• Middle class worked as managers in the factories owned by the upper class
• Lower class had 47 holy days
• Early closing movement meant factory workers were given half days on a Saturday
• Unions

Question 3

Describe gender

Answer 3

• Men superior
• Most industries not accessible for women
• Women were teachers deemed inferior jobs

Question 4

Describe class

Answer 4

• Two to three class system

- Middle class educated, factory managers, access to time and money

Question 5

Describe law and order

Answer 5

• Improved safer way of life partly due to emergence of middle class
• Rise of RSPCA and unions

Question 6

Describe education

Answer 6

• Clarendon report (equivalent to OFSTED)

- Education acts starting in 1944 with Butler Education Act making school compulsory

Question 7

Describe work and industry

Answer 7

• Urban to rural migration
• Lower classes worked 72 hours a week but the rise of unions increased pay and reduced work hours to 40 with paid holiday
• Factory football teams

Question 8

Describe amateurs and professionals

Answer 8

A - upper and middle classes

P - working class

Question 9

Describe how transport, communications and technology changed games and pastimes

Answer 9

• Railways for games to be taken nationally
• Football leagues and cup competitions
• Football fan spectator teams - people’s game
• Increase in swimming
• NGBs (FA in 1863)
• Tech for football pitches

Question 10

Describe how time and wealth changed games and pastimes

Answer 10

• Saturday half days became allocated to football

- Factory trip jollies to Margate and planned excursions to improve work ethic

Question 11

Describe how gender changed pastimes

Answer 11

• Opportunities for women gradually increased
• Suffragettes
• Lawn tennis for middle and upper class women
• More independence for women following the war

Question 12

Describe how class changed games and pastimes

Answer 12

• Middle class well suited to games

- Exclusion clauses still present

Question 13

Describe how law and order changed games and pastimes

Answer 13

• Improved SoL and QoL
• Blood sports banned other than hunting
• More civilised and respectable behaviour in games

Question 14

Describe how education changed games and pastimes

Answer 14

• Games have written rules e.g. Cambridge rules

- Uniform codes of behaviour and sportsmanship

Question 15

Describe how work and industry changed games and pastimes

Answer 15

• On site facilities

- Employees became industrial patrons given planned excursions

Question 16

Describe how amateurs and professionals changed games and pastimes

Answer 16

• Gentleman amateurs could afford to not be paid ‘broken time’ payments compensated lost earning from work time
• WCP and GA demonstrated two forms of rugby (union and league)