C19 public school athleticism

Question 1

Name three C19th all boys public schools

Answer 1

St. Pauls, Eton and Winchester

Question 2

Characteristics:

• (1) and donations funded sports facilities/ equipment and staff
• Pupils were (2) who were expected to act (3)
• (4) only so very well suited to games
• Schools were (5) which gave more game and practice time

Answer 2

1 - Tuitions
2 - Sons of the gentry 
3 - civilised and respectable 
4 - Boys
5 - Boarding

Question 3

Characteristics:

• Elitist and (1) strict on (2)
• The (3) was the centre of the school
• Schools run by (4) many ex-pupils who were reluctant to (5)

Answer 3

1 - Exclusive 
2 - Discipline 
3 - Chapel
4 - Trustees
5 - Change

Question 4

Who was Dr. Thomas Arnold?

Answer 4

Headmaster of Rugby school in the early 1800s

Question 5

What did Dr. Arnold believe was of a poor standard in public schools?

Answer 5

Games and sports as there were no facilities or coaches

Question 6

Teachers were known as (1) and used methods of (2) for control

Answer 6

1 - Masters

2 - Fear and beatings

Question 7

Describe bullying in the public schools

Answer 7

Bullying was rife, bullies commonly called their victims ‘fags’ ordering and beating them

Question 8

What did Dr. Arnold introduce to the curriculum and why?

Answer 8

Sports and games to enforce structure and discipline to change the boys behaviour to be reflected in class. He employed coaches, enforced pastoral care, a house system and 6th form prefects

Question 9

How did the Cambridge rules form?

Answer 9

Different versions of the same game being played at school and so there were controversy over rules so pupils used a melting pot effect to create a standardised game called the ‘Cambridge rules’

Question 10

What did the Cambridge rules develop into?

Answer 10

The FA and a nationally published set of game rules

Question 11

Describe the ‘melting pot effect’

Answer 11

Ideas go in and merge to form a new idea/ game etc.

Question 12

What is the ‘cult of athleticism’?

Answer 12

Games and sports became an obsession forming regular fixtures and sports days

Question 13

What did graduates often become?

Answer 13

• Military officers - took games abroad e.g. cricket
• Governing bodies
• Community members/ leaders
• Priests/ Vicars setting up clubs within their Church community
• Teachers at their school