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MIDS 187- OB2 > Pre Midterm Material > Flashcards

Pre Midterm Material Flashcards

1
Q

Maternal Cervix should measure _____

A

Greater or equal to 3 cm

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2
Q

Biometry measurement should cluster withing __ to __ mm

A

2-3 mm
Discard outlier

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3
Q

Biometry include
1)
2)
3)
4)

A

1) BPD (x2)
2) HC (x2)
3) AC (x2)
4) FL (x2)

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4
Q

Doliocephaly is a ____ head with a ____ BPD

A

Narrow
Small

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5
Q

Brachycephaly is a ____ head with a ____ BPD

A

Round
Large

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6
Q

True or False: BPD is more accurate than HC

A

FALSE: HC is more accurate

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7
Q

Cephalic index is calculated by _____ divided by ____ x _____

A

BPD/ FOD x 100

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8
Q

AC indicates fetal ____

A

weight

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9
Q

AC should show these three structures:

A

1) Stomach
2) Umbilical Vein
3) Portal Vein

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10
Q

In 2nd trimester patients should drink ___ x ___oz of water
In 3rd trimester patients should drink ___ x____ oz water

A

4 x 8 oz
3 x 8 oz

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11
Q

Expecting mother should take ____ to ____ mg of Folic acid

A

400 - 1000 mg

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12
Q

Zika Virus is known to cause : ______

A

Microcephaly

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13
Q

Macrocephaly is most often caused by ______

A

Hydrocephalus

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14
Q

A sloped forehead, Macro or microgyria, and enlarged ventricles indicate

A

Microcephaly

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15
Q

The middle cerebral artery carries about __ % of cerebral blood flow

A

80%

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16
Q

Doppler of MCA has been used to evaluate fetus that have

A

IUGR

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17
Q

Peak velocity of MCA should be interrogated at ___ degrees

A

15 degrees

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18
Q

The cerebellar diameter correlates a 1:1 GA from weeks ____ to ____

A

16 - 24 weeks

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19
Q

These structures in the brain produce and resorb CSF

A

Choroid plexus

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20
Q

What is the most frequent craniofacial anomaly/ second most common malformation

A

Facial Clefts

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21
Q

Isolated cleft lip or cleft palate is usually found with ______
While combination of cleft lip and palate are found with ___

A

Club Foot
Polydactyly

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22
Q

The most common neural tube defect is

A

Meroencephaly

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23
Q

Abnormalities of the brain and face due to incomplete cleavage/rotation of embryonic forebrain. Single, central ventricle and a missing falx

A

Holoprosencephaly

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24
Q

What is the worst form of Holoprosencephaly ?

A

Alobar

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25
Q

What are they three forms of Dandy-Walker Malformation?

A

1) Dandy Walker
2) Dandy Walker variant
3) Mega cisterna magna

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26
Q

The most severe form of Dandy Walker, cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle, agenesis of cerebellar vermis

A

Dandy Walker Malformation

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27
Q

Not as severe, dilation of cystic fourth ventricle

A

Dandy Walker Variant

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28
Q

Form of Dandy Walker, but has normal cerebellar vermis and normal fourth ventricle

A

Mega cisterna magna

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29
Q

Dangling choroid plexus is a sign of this

A

Ventriculomegaly

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30
Q

Cystic Hygroma is filled with _____at the base of the ____

A

Lymph Fluid
Neck

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31
Q

This is crucial for the tracheobronchial tree development of a fetus

A

amniotic fluid

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32
Q

White, creamy substance on baby skin

A

Vernix caseosa

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33
Q

At 12 weeks gestation there is ___mL of amniotic fluid
It increases ___ to ___ mL a week to 16 weeks
Then increases ___ to ___ mL a week to 20 weeks
At 20 weeks gestation there is ____ mL

A

60 mL
20-25 mL
50-100 mL
500 mL

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34
Q

Amniotic fluid less than ___x___ is oligohydraminos
while ___x___ is polyhydraminos

A

2x1 cm
8x1 cm

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35
Q

AFI should be between ___ and ___ cm to be normal

A

5 - 25 cm

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36
Q

Umbilical arteries carry _________ to the ____

A

deoxygenated blood
placenta

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37
Q

Umbilical vein carries _____- to the _____

A

Oxygenated blood
Fetus

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38
Q

Placenta weights ___ to __ grams

A

480 - 600 grams

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39
Q

Maternal and fetal circulation are ___

A

Separate

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40
Q

True or False: Placenta calcification is abnormal in third trimester

A

False

41
Q

IUGR is EFW less than the __ percentile

A

10th percentile

42
Q

IUGR can be caused by
____ maternal blood pressure
maternal age less than ___ or greater than ___
or maternal ____

A

Increased
16 yrs or 35 yrs
preeclampsia**

43
Q

This type of cord insertion can cause placental insufficiency and therefore IUGR

A

Velamentous

44
Q

IUGR is more commonly _____ due to ______ sparring

A

Asymmetric
Head

45
Q

Nonstress testing measure fetal ______ and ______

A

Heart rate and movement

46
Q

The biophysical profile combines these features:
1)
2)
3)
4)

A

1) Fetal movement
2) Fetal tone
3) Fetal breathing
4) AFI

47
Q

Placenta should measure between __ and __ cm

A

2 and 4 cm

48
Q

Maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, placental infarction, IUGR are all known to cause the placenta to ____

A

thin

49
Q

Placentaomegaly measure greater than ____ cm

A

4 cm

50
Q

A thick, rolled up edge at the CI is indicative of a placenta that is _________

A

Circumvallate

51
Q

Smooth transition from membranous to villous chorion at some distance from the placental edge

A

Circummarginate

52
Q

Annular placenta is ___ shaped

A

Ring

53
Q

True or false: circummarginate and partial circumvallate placentas are of no clinical significance

A

True

54
Q

When the inferior margin of the placenta covers the internal cervical os

A

Placenta previa

55
Q

When the inferior margin of the placenta is within 2 cm of the internal os

A

Low Lying placenta

56
Q

These result from the rupture of chorionic vessels close to the umbilical cord insertion into placenta

A

Subamniotic Cysts

57
Q

The three types of placental abruption are
1)
2)
3)

A

1) marginal
2) partial
3) complete

58
Q

Occurs due to the rupture of the amnion without rupture of the chorion

A

Amniotic Band Syndrome

59
Q

True or false: Chorioangiomas are cancerous

A

False: Benign

60
Q

Placenta Mesenchymal Dysplasia can be mistaken for this due to its grape-like vesicles

A

Hyatidiform Mole

61
Q

The ___ umbilical artery is more commonly absent in SUA

A

Left

62
Q

PRUV is when the ______ remains open

A

Right Umbilical vein

63
Q

Complete absence of the umbilical cord is called ___ _____ anomaly. It is associated with maternal ____ use

A

Body Stalk
Cocaine

64
Q

A very short cord is called ___ ____ _____ complex

A

Limb Body Wall

65
Q

A short cord is defined as ____ cm or less

A

35 cm

66
Q

Umbilical cord vessels lying across the internal cervical os

A

Vasa Previa

67
Q

Presentation of the umbilican cord before fetal presentation

A

Cord prolapse

68
Q

Clavicles ossify at __ weeks
Scapulae ossify at ___ weeks
Sternum ossify at ___ weeks

A

8 weeks
10 weeks
21 weeks

69
Q

What is the most frequent mass in the fetal chest?

A

Diaphragmatic Hernias

70
Q

Single cyst, or multiple large cysts measuring 2-10 cm with a trabeculated wall, often with cystic outpouchings

A

CCAM 1

71
Q

Mass effect made up of multiple, uniform small cysts, measureing 0.5 - 2cm or an echogenic mass containing small cysts

A

CCAM 2

72
Q

Multiple microscopic cysts measure 0.5-5 mm - unable to see on US so looks like a homogenous echogenic mass

A

CCAM 3

73
Q

CCAM has a ____ blood supply while pulmonary sequesteration has a _______ blood supply

A

Pulmonary
Arterial

74
Q

Nuchal fetal edema is associated with _____ fetal hydrops

A

Non-Immune

75
Q

_______ Fetal hyrdops causes fetal anemia and Rh incompatibility

A

Immune

76
Q

Fetus whose mother has been sensitized, usually in previous
pregnancies, by a blood factor histoincompatibility, typically Rhesus (Rh) factor

A

Immune Fetal Hydrops

77
Q

A condition resulting in a variety of severe fetal disease not associated with incompatability of fetal and maternal blood

A

Non-Immune fetal hydrops

78
Q

Congenital diaphragmatic hernias usually happen on the ____ side. And more commonly affect ____ sex

A

Right side
Male

79
Q

The most common abnormality seen in first trimester

A

Cystic Hygroma

80
Q

The placenta thickens > 4cm in ____________ fetal hyrdops

A

Non-Immune

81
Q

At ___ weeks, blood starts to circulate, at ___ weeks the heart is fully formed

A

5 weeks
8 weeks

82
Q

What is the most common benign arrhythmia of a fetus?

A

PACs

83
Q

This heart rhythm is extremely rare in a fetus

A

Atrial Fibrillation

84
Q

What is the most common cardiac malformation?

A

Isolated VSD

85
Q

They most common cause of death from a cardiac heart defect in the neonate is due to

A

Hypoplastic Left heart syndrome

86
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of:
1)
2)
3)
4)

A

1) Perimembranous VSD
2) Over-riding AO
3) Pulmonary stenosis
4) Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

87
Q

If we see the Triscuspid Valve lower than normal, a large RA and a small RV, we can assume this is _______ Anomaly. This is often caused my maternal ________ consumption

A

Ebstein’s
Lithium

88
Q

Complete Transposition of the Great Vessels entails the ____ atrium, the ___ ventricle to the Aorta. And the ____ atrium, ____ ventricle to the Pulmonary artery

A

RA –> RV —> AO
LA –> LV–> PA

89
Q

Congenitally corrected transpostion of the Great vessels involve the ___ atrium to the ___ ventricle to the PA. And the ___ atrium to the ___ ventricle to the AO.

A

RA –> LV –> PA
LA –> RV –> AO

90
Q

What is the most common form of cyanotic heart disease?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

91
Q

Failure of the AO and the PA to divide, arising from the IVS, usually with a VSD below

A

Truncus Arteriosus

92
Q

More than 50% of the Aortic root, and the PA both arise from the RV. Has VSD’s

A

DORV : Double Outlet Right Ventricle

93
Q

An echogenic mass within LV or RV or IVS – The most common prenatally diagnosed cardiac tumour is

A

Rhabdomyoma

94
Q

The normal angle of the heart should be ___ degrees to the left of the midline plus or minus ___ degrees

A

45 degrees
20 degrees

95
Q

What is Levocardia

A

Normal heart

96
Q

Dextrocardia is when the heart is located on the ____ side and points ____

A

Right Side
Points Right

97
Q

Dextroposition is when the heart is located on the ___ side and points ___

A

Right side
Points Left

98
Q

From top to bottom ( or starting with the smallest) name the 3VV

A

SVC
AO
PA

MIDS 187- OB2 (11 decks)

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