Pre Midterm Material Flashcards
Maternal Cervix should measure _____
Greater or equal to 3 cm
Biometry measurement should cluster withing __ to __ mm
2-3 mm
Discard outlier
Biometry include
1)
2)
3)
4)
1) BPD (x2)
2) HC (x2)
3) AC (x2)
4) FL (x2)
Doliocephaly is a ____ head with a ____ BPD
Narrow
Small
Brachycephaly is a ____ head with a ____ BPD
Round
Large
True or False: BPD is more accurate than HC
FALSE: HC is more accurate
Cephalic index is calculated by _____ divided by ____ x _____
BPD/ FOD x 100
AC indicates fetal ____
weight
AC should show these three structures:
1) Stomach
2) Umbilical Vein
3) Portal Vein
In 2nd trimester patients should drink ___ x ___oz of water
In 3rd trimester patients should drink ___ x____ oz water
4 x 8 oz
3 x 8 oz
Expecting mother should take ____ to ____ mg of Folic acid
400 - 1000 mg
Zika Virus is known to cause : ______
Microcephaly
Macrocephaly is most often caused by ______
Hydrocephalus
A sloped forehead, Macro or microgyria, and enlarged ventricles indicate
Microcephaly
The middle cerebral artery carries about __ % of cerebral blood flow
80%
Doppler of MCA has been used to evaluate fetus that have
IUGR
Peak velocity of MCA should be interrogated at ___ degrees
15 degrees
The cerebellar diameter correlates a 1:1 GA from weeks ____ to ____
16 - 24 weeks
These structures in the brain produce and resorb CSF
Choroid plexus
What is the most frequent craniofacial anomaly/ second most common malformation
Facial Clefts
Isolated cleft lip or cleft palate is usually found with ______
While combination of cleft lip and palate are found with ___
Club Foot
Polydactyly
The most common neural tube defect is
Meroencephaly
Abnormalities of the brain and face due to incomplete cleavage/rotation of embryonic forebrain. Single, central ventricle and a missing falx
Holoprosencephaly
What is the worst form of Holoprosencephaly ?
Alobar
What are they three forms of Dandy-Walker Malformation?
1) Dandy Walker
2) Dandy Walker variant
3) Mega cisterna magna
The most severe form of Dandy Walker, cystic dilation of the 4th ventricle, agenesis of cerebellar vermis
Dandy Walker Malformation
Not as severe, dilation of cystic fourth ventricle
Dandy Walker Variant
Form of Dandy Walker, but has normal cerebellar vermis and normal fourth ventricle
Mega cisterna magna
Dangling choroid plexus is a sign of this
Ventriculomegaly
Cystic Hygroma is filled with _____at the base of the ____
Lymph Fluid
Neck
This is crucial for the tracheobronchial tree development of a fetus
amniotic fluid
White, creamy substance on baby skin
Vernix caseosa
At 12 weeks gestation there is ___mL of amniotic fluid
It increases ___ to ___ mL a week to 16 weeks
Then increases ___ to ___ mL a week to 20 weeks
At 20 weeks gestation there is ____ mL
60 mL
20-25 mL
50-100 mL
500 mL
Amniotic fluid less than ___x___ is oligohydraminos
while ___x___ is polyhydraminos
2x1 cm
8x1 cm
AFI should be between ___ and ___ cm to be normal
5 - 25 cm
Umbilical arteries carry _________ to the ____
deoxygenated blood
placenta
Umbilical vein carries _____- to the _____
Oxygenated blood
Fetus
Placenta weights ___ to __ grams
480 - 600 grams
Maternal and fetal circulation are ___
Separate
True or False: Placenta calcification is abnormal in third trimester
False
IUGR is EFW less than the __ percentile
10th percentile
IUGR can be caused by
____ maternal blood pressure
maternal age less than ___ or greater than ___
or maternal ____
Increased
16 yrs or 35 yrs
preeclampsia**
This type of cord insertion can cause placental insufficiency and therefore IUGR
Velamentous
IUGR is more commonly _____ due to ______ sparring
Asymmetric
Head
Nonstress testing measure fetal ______ and ______
Heart rate and movement
The biophysical profile combines these features:
1)
2)
3)
4)
1) Fetal movement
2) Fetal tone
3) Fetal breathing
4) AFI
Placenta should measure between __ and __ cm
2 and 4 cm
Maternal hypertension, preeclampsia, placental infarction, IUGR are all known to cause the placenta to ____
thin
Placentaomegaly measure greater than ____ cm
4 cm
A thick, rolled up edge at the CI is indicative of a placenta that is _________
Circumvallate
Smooth transition from membranous to villous chorion at some distance from the placental edge
Circummarginate
Annular placenta is ___ shaped
Ring
True or false: circummarginate and partial circumvallate placentas are of no clinical significance
True
When the inferior margin of the placenta covers the internal cervical os
Placenta previa
When the inferior margin of the placenta is within 2 cm of the internal os
Low Lying placenta
These result from the rupture of chorionic vessels close to the umbilical cord insertion into placenta
Subamniotic Cysts
The three types of placental abruption are
1)
2)
3)
1) marginal
2) partial
3) complete
Occurs due to the rupture of the amnion without rupture of the chorion
Amniotic Band Syndrome
True or false: Chorioangiomas are cancerous
False: Benign
Placenta Mesenchymal Dysplasia can be mistaken for this due to its grape-like vesicles
Hyatidiform Mole
The ___ umbilical artery is more commonly absent in SUA
Left
PRUV is when the ______ remains open
Right Umbilical vein
Complete absence of the umbilical cord is called ___ _____ anomaly. It is associated with maternal ____ use
Body Stalk
Cocaine
A very short cord is called ___ ____ _____ complex
Limb Body Wall
A short cord is defined as ____ cm or less
35 cm
Umbilical cord vessels lying across the internal cervical os
Vasa Previa
Presentation of the umbilican cord before fetal presentation
Cord prolapse
Clavicles ossify at __ weeks
Scapulae ossify at ___ weeks
Sternum ossify at ___ weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
21 weeks
What is the most frequent mass in the fetal chest?
Diaphragmatic Hernias
Single cyst, or multiple large cysts measuring 2-10 cm with a trabeculated wall, often with cystic outpouchings
CCAM 1
Mass effect made up of multiple, uniform small cysts, measureing 0.5 - 2cm or an echogenic mass containing small cysts
CCAM 2
Multiple microscopic cysts measure 0.5-5 mm - unable to see on US so looks like a homogenous echogenic mass
CCAM 3
CCAM has a ____ blood supply while pulmonary sequesteration has a _______ blood supply
Pulmonary
Arterial
Nuchal fetal edema is associated with _____ fetal hydrops
Non-Immune
_______ Fetal hyrdops causes fetal anemia and Rh incompatibility
Immune
Fetus whose mother has been sensitized, usually in previous
pregnancies, by a blood factor histoincompatibility, typically Rhesus (Rh) factor
Immune Fetal Hydrops
A condition resulting in a variety of severe fetal disease not associated with incompatability of fetal and maternal blood
Non-Immune fetal hydrops
Congenital diaphragmatic hernias usually happen on the ____ side. And more commonly affect ____ sex
Right side
Male
The most common abnormality seen in first trimester
Cystic Hygroma
The placenta thickens > 4cm in ____________ fetal hyrdops
Non-Immune
At ___ weeks, blood starts to circulate, at ___ weeks the heart is fully formed
5 weeks
8 weeks
What is the most common benign arrhythmia of a fetus?
PACs
This heart rhythm is extremely rare in a fetus
Atrial Fibrillation
What is the most common cardiac malformation?
Isolated VSD
They most common cause of death from a cardiac heart defect in the neonate is due to
Hypoplastic Left heart syndrome
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of:
1)
2)
3)
4)
1) Perimembranous VSD
2) Over-riding AO
3) Pulmonary stenosis
4) Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
If we see the Triscuspid Valve lower than normal, a large RA and a small RV, we can assume this is _______ Anomaly. This is often caused my maternal ________ consumption
Ebstein’s
Lithium
Complete Transposition of the Great Vessels entails the ____ atrium, the ___ ventricle to the Aorta. And the ____ atrium, ____ ventricle to the Pulmonary artery
RA –> RV —> AO
LA –> LV–> PA
Congenitally corrected transpostion of the Great vessels involve the ___ atrium to the ___ ventricle to the PA. And the ___ atrium to the ___ ventricle to the AO.
RA –> LV –> PA
LA –> RV –> AO
What is the most common form of cyanotic heart disease?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Failure of the AO and the PA to divide, arising from the IVS, usually with a VSD below
Truncus Arteriosus
More than 50% of the Aortic root, and the PA both arise from the RV. Has VSD’s
DORV : Double Outlet Right Ventricle
An echogenic mass within LV or RV or IVS – The most common prenatally diagnosed cardiac tumour is
Rhabdomyoma
The normal angle of the heart should be ___ degrees to the left of the midline plus or minus ___ degrees
45 degrees
20 degrees
What is Levocardia
Normal heart
Dextrocardia is when the heart is located on the ____ side and points ____
Right Side
Points Right
Dextroposition is when the heart is located on the ___ side and points ___
Right side
Points Left
From top to bottom ( or starting with the smallest) name the 3VV
SVC
AO
PA
