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MIDS 187- OB2 > Lesson 23: Fetal Skeleton > Flashcards

Lesson 23: Fetal Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal limb buds can be seen as early as week ____.

A

Eight (8)

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2
Q

Long bones fully develop during the _______th to _______ week

A

7th to 12th

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3
Q

Bones in the hands and feet develop between weeks _____th to _____th

A

11th to 13th

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4
Q

Fetal long bones can be accurately measured from this many weeks onward

A

Twelve (12)

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5
Q

What femur do we measure? Why?

A

Anterior lying
Artificial bowing of posterior (short)

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6
Q

How many mm do the femurs grow per week from week 14-27? How many mm per week in the third trimester?

A

3 mm
1 mm

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7
Q

What factors can femur length depend on?

A

Maternal height
Weight
Ethnicity

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8
Q

True or False: The femur lies laterally

A

False

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9
Q

True or false: The radius is bigger than the ulna and lies medially

A

False: smaller and medial

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10
Q

This digit has two phalanges

A

Thumb

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11
Q

Each toe has ____ phalanges

A

Two (2)

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12
Q

The abnormal development of cartilaginous and osseous tissues is known as skeletal _______.

A

Dysplasia

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13
Q

True or False: Skeletal Dysplasia is common

A

False: rare

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14
Q

Short, bowed, thin or uneven long bones can be a sign of skeletal ________.

A

Dysplasia

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15
Q

Name the four classifications of skeletal dysplasia

A

1) Rhizomelia
2) Mesomelia
3) Acromelia
4) Micromelia

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16
Q

Rhizomelia is the _______ portion of the extremity shortened.

A

Proximal (think R is for Root)

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17
Q

Mesomelia is the ______ portion of the extremity shortened

A

Middle

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18
Q

Acromelia is the ________ portion of the extremity shortened

A

Distal

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19
Q

What is micromelia?

A

Shortening of the entire extremity
( Category of Skeletal Dysplasia)

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20
Q

Cloverleaf deformity, also known as craniosynostosis, is a sign of this type of _______ dysplasia

A

Thanatophoric

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21
Q

Lethal skeletal dysplasias are usually accompanied by __________ hypoplasia

A

Pulmonary

22
Q

What is the most common form of lethal skeletal dysplasia?

A

Thanatophoric Dysplasia

23
Q

Thanatophoric Dysplasia is more common in this sex

A

Male (2x)

24
Q

Type 1 Thanatophoric dysplasia presents with extreme __________, ___________ long bones, normal trunk length, frontal _______, and ______ vertebral bodies.

A

Rhizomelia
Bowed
Bossing
Widened

25
Q

Type 2 Thanatophoric Dysplasia presents with ________ long bones, _______ vertebral bodies, and this sign.

A

Straighter
Taller
Kleeblattschadel (Clover Leaf)

26
Q

What is the most common NON lethal type of dwarfism?

A

Achondroplasia

27
Q

“Trident” hand configuration is most commonly seen in ___________

A

Achondroplasia

28
Q

True or False: Achondrogenesis is a rare and lethal form of skeletal dysplasia

A

True

29
Q

Achondrogenesis is lethal due to _________

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

30
Q

What type of achondrogenesis presents with severe micromelia and a large head

A

Type 1 (Parenti-Fraccaro)

31
Q

What type of Achondrogenesis presenets with prominent forehead and microagnathia

A

Type 2 ( Langer-Saldino)

32
Q

What type of collagen does Osteogenesis Imperfecta affect?

A

Type 1: found in skin, ligaments, tendons and bone

33
Q

Long bone rib fratures, blue sclera, and hearing impairment are found in patients who have ___________ ___________

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

34
Q

What is the most severe type of Osteogenesis Imperfecta? What sign presents?

A

Type 2
Transparent Bone Sign

35
Q

What kind of Dysplasia presents with a Bell-Shaped chest?

A

Camptomelic

36
Q

Low or absent tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity presents in this inherited disease

A

Congenital Hypophophotasia

37
Q

When is Congenital Hypophosphotasia Type 1 detected? Type 2?

A

Prenatally (lethal)
Later in life

38
Q

What type of Osteogenesis Imperfecta is the mildest?

A

Type 4

39
Q

“Mitten hand”, also known as bilateral syndactyly is seen in this condition, particularly in this syndrome

A

Dysostosis: Apert Syndrome

40
Q

A persistently clenched hand with an overlapping in fingers is strongly associated with trisomy ___.

A

18

41
Q

Preaxial polydactly affects the ______side, while postaxial polydactyly affects the _______ side

A

Radial
Ulnar

42
Q

Which long bone is most commonly affected by aplasia or hypoplasia?

A

Radius

43
Q

Hemimelia is the absence of one or more extremities below the _____ or the ______.

A

Elbows
Knees

44
Q

Acheira is absence of one or both _____

A

hands

45
Q

Phocomelia is the absence of the ______ portion of an extremity, with the hand or foot attached to the trunk.

A

Proximal

46
Q

Meromelia is absence of part of a ____

A

Limb

47
Q

VACTERL stands for:

A

Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheoesophageal, Renal, Limb abnormalities

48
Q

How many of the abomalies of VACTERL must be present to confirm a condition?

A

3

49
Q

What is commonly associated in affected fetuses of VACTERL?

A

Polyhydraminos

50
Q

True or False: Club foot is often seen with cases of polyhydraminos

A

False: Oligohydraminos- restricts movement

51
Q

The fusion of both lower extremities into a single lower extremity, with renal agenesis and severe oligohydraminos is called:

A

Sirenomelia or Mermaid Syndrome

52
Q

Constriction rings, edema of digits, and multiple anamolies is associated with ____ _____ _____

A

Amniotic Band Sequence

MIDS 187- OB2 (11 decks)

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