Lesson 22: Fetal Spine

Question 1

How many ossification centres are there?

Answer 1

Three (3)

Question 2

What plane are all three ossification centres seen at the same time?

Answer 2

TRV

Question 3

In what week can the ossification centers be seen in TRV plane?

Answer 3

16

Question 4

True or False: The two posterior ossification centres lie behind the spinal canal within the laminae

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which vertebrae have a quandrangular shape?

Answer 5

Cervical

Question 6

Which 2 levels of the vertebrae do they look triangular?

Answer 6

Thoracic and Lumbar

Question 7

Which level of the vertebrae do the ossification centres have a wider placement?

Answer 7

Sacral

Question 8

In what plane is the neural tube in the 1st trimester and the spinal cord in the 2nd and 3rd trimester?

Answer 8

Sagittal

Question 9

The conus medullaris can be seen in the ______ plane at the 2nd and 3rd _______ levels of the spine.

Answer 9

Sagittal
Lumbar

Question 10

What three things do we look for to determine spinal normalcy?

Answer 10

1) Intact neural canal
2) normal location and shape of ossification centres
3) intact dorsal skin contour

Question 11

Imaging this structure increases our confidence in normal spinal development

Answer 11

Conus Medullaris

Question 12

At MINIMUM, how many planes should we survey the spine

Answer 12

2 ( axial and longitudinal)

Question 13

This will rise in blood levels of mother if fetus has an open skin neural tube defect

Answer 13

MSAFP

Question 14

The neural tube is formed in week _____.

Answer 14

Three (3)

Question 15

Embryology of the neural tube takes ______ days. Any disruption in this process demonstrates the connection between spina bifida and ________ defects.

Answer 15

Two (2)
Caudal

Question 16

Spina Bifida results from the incomplete closure of these two bony elements of the spine:
1) ___________
2) ___________

Answer 16

1) Lamina
2) Spinous processes

Question 17

Name the two types of Spina Bifida Defects

Answer 17

1) Ventral
2) Dorsal

Question 18

True or False: Ventral defects of the vertebral bodies ( in spina bifida) most commonly affect the lower levels of the spine

Answer 18

False: they affect the upper spine like the lower cervical into the upper thoracic

Question 19

Vertebral body splitting and devlopment of a neurogenic - origin cystic structure is a result of Spina Bifida ______ defect.

Answer 19

Ventral

Question 20

Closed Spina Bifida, also known as Spina bifida _________, affects the _____-_______ level of the spine.

Answer 20

Sacrolumbar

Question 21

This type of Spina Bifida is not very noticeable on the surface. It may have a tuft of hair or other dermal lesion covering the affected area

Answer 21

Occulta

Question 22

The neural canal is exposed in Spina Bifida _________.

Answer 22

Aperta

Question 23

Spina Bifida Aperta has a ___________ that contains neural tissue inside the protruding sac.

Answer 23

Myelomeningocele

Question 24

Spina Bifida with myelomeningocele will have the spinal cord ________.

Answer 24

Posterior

Question 25

What are three maternal factors causing NTD's?

Answer 25

1) Diabetes Mellitus 2) Obesity 3) Folate deficiency

Question 26

True or false: NTD's are more common in males

Answer 26

False: more common in females

Question 27

What plane is best to see a meningocele?

Answer 27

SAG

Question 28

True or False: The only way to make a definitive diagnosis is by viewing the myelomeningocele

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Seeing the posterior ossification centres splay in the TRV plane, giving a "U" or "V" appearance can indicate ______________.

Answer 29

Spina Bifida

Question 30

Spina Bifida can be suspected when you see these two signs in the fetal head

Answer 30

1) Banana (cerebellum) 2) Lemon (skull)

Question 31

Clubfeet, Rocker bottome feet, and hip deformities are commonly associated with this type of Spina Bifida

Answer 31

Aperta

Question 32

What is the best way to show open vs closed forms of spina bifida?

Answer 32

Cranial Anatomy abnormal: open normal: closed

Question 33

Scoliosis is best imaged in the _______ plane, while kyphosis is best imaged in the ________ plane.

Answer 33

Coronal Sagittal

Question 34

Scoliosis is seen as ________ displacement of the ________ ossification centres

Answer 34

Lateral Anterior

Question 35

What levels of the spine can caudal regression syndrome affect?

Answer 35

Agenesis of the coccyx, to absence of the sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae

Question 36

What 5 parts of the fetus can caudal regression syndrome affect?

Answer 36

Caudal spine Spinal Cord Hindgut Urogenital system Lower limbs

Question 37

What are two indicators of caudal regression syndrome seen in the FIRST trimester?

Answer 37

Short CRL Abnormal yolk sac

Question 38

What is the most common location for sacrococcygeal teratomas to develop?

Answer 38

The caudal end of the neural tube (can also develop in gonads, umbilical cord, and placenta)

Question 39

What is the most common neoplasm in the newborn?

Answer 39

Sacrococcygeal Teratoma

Question 40

Sacrococcygeal teratomas most commonly affects this sex, however the opposite sex have a higher chance of developing the malignant form

Answer 40

Female

Question 41

What Sacrococcygeal teratoma types are most common

Answer 41

1 and 2