Pre Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

This system provides the force to move bones about their joints

A

Muscular

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2
Q

This system prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D

A

Integumentary

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3
Q

This system controls the body chemical molecules called hormones (adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary)

A

Endocrine

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4
Q

This system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

A

Circulatory system

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5
Q

This system removes and filters excess fluid from tissues

A

Lymphatic

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6
Q

This system has the esophagus, large intestine, and rectum

A

Digestive

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7
Q

The axial division of the body is the…

A

Head, neck, and trunk

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8
Q

This division of the body is the limbs…

A

Appendicular

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9
Q

The term ____ refers to internal organs

A

visceral

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10
Q

The term ______ refers to body cavity walls

A

Parietal

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11
Q

What are the two major closed body cavities?

A

Ventral and dorsal

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12
Q

Which body cavity protects the nervous system?

A

Dorsal

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13
Q

Which cavity houses the internal organs?

A

Ventral

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14
Q

What type of nutrients are chemicals for energy and cell-building? (4)

A

Carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins/minerals

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15
Q

Homeostatic control of variables involves what three components?

A

Receptor, control center, effector

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16
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity?

A

Cranial and vertebral

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17
Q

Which cavity constrains the heart and lungs?

A

Thoracic

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18
Q

Which serosa lines internal body cavity walls?

A

Parietal

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19
Q

Which serosa covers the internal organs?

A

Visceral

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20
Q

Which membrane lines the a domino-pelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneal

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21
Q

The four major organic compounds that comprise our bodies are _______ (4).

A

Proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acids

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22
Q

The major function of carbohydrates in the body is ________

A

As cellular fuel

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23
Q

Which type of reaction occurs when biological molecules are broken down?

A

Hydrolysis

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24
Q

The major building blocks of nucleic acids are _________.

A

nucleotides

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25
Q

What are the four levels of protein structures that determine shape and function?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

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26
Q

Is an anion positive or negative?

A

Negative

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27
Q

What are the three basic parts of human cells?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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28
Q

What part of the cell is the flexible outer boundary?

A

Plasma membrane

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29
Q

What part of the cell is the intracellular fluid containing organelles?

A

Cytoplasm

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30
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

Active barrier controlling what enters and leaves a cell

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31
Q

The layer that makes up the plasma membrane mostly consists of what?

A

Membrane lipids

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32
Q

Lipid belayer is made up of : (3)

A

Phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol

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33
Q

Phospholipids consist of these 2 parts:

A

Phosphate heads and fatty acid tails

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34
Q

Are phosphate heads polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

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35
Q

Are fatty acid tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

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36
Q

What do membrane proteins do?

A

Allow cell communication with the environment

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37
Q

What makes up half the mass of plasma membrane?

A

Membrane proteins

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38
Q

What are the two types of membrane proteins?

A

Integral and peripheral

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39
Q

What do integral proteins do?

A

Function as transport proteins, enzymes, or receptors

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40
Q

Which membrane proteins are loosely attached to integral proteins

A

Peripheral proteins

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41
Q

What is the “sugar coating” sticking out of cell surface?

A

Glycocalyx

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42
Q

What does glycocalx do?

A

Allows immune system to recognize “self” vs “nonself”

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43
Q

What three ways can cells be bound to each other?

A

Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions

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44
Q

Which type of cell junction allows “give” between cells, reducing the possibility of tearing under tension?

A

Desmosomes

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45
Q

What are two types of passive transport between cells?

A

Diffusion and filtration

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46
Q

What is the type of passive transport that usually occurs across capillary walls?

A

Filtration

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47
Q

Which type of diffusion is the movement of solvent across a selectively permeable membrane?

A

Osmosis

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48
Q

What is the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cell’s internal water volume?

A

Tonicity

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49
Q

________ solution has higher osmolarity than inside cell, resulting in shrinking

A

Hypertonic

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50
Q

What are the two types of active membrane transports?

A

Active and vesicular

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51
Q

What is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water?

A

hydrolysis

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52
Q

This type of carrier proteins transports one substance into cell while transporting a different substance out of cell.

A

Anti porter

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53
Q

This type of carrier protein transports two different substances in the same direction.

A

Symporters

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54
Q

In PRIMARY active membrane transport, energy from hydrolysis of ATP causes what?

A

Changes shape of transport protein

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55
Q

Sodium-potassium pump is an example of what type of transport?

A

Active primary transport

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56
Q

In a sodium-potassium pump, Na+ is pumped ______ and K+ is pumped _______.

A

Sodium OUT and Potassium IN

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57
Q

Leakage channels located in membranes result in leaking of ______ into the cell and leaking ______ out of cell.

A

Sodium into the cell and Potassium out of the cell

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58
Q

This type of active transport depends on ion gradient that was created by primary active transport system

A

Secondary active transport

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59
Q

This type of membrane transport involves large particles and fluids moving across membrane in membranous sacs called vesicles

A

Vesicular transport

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60
Q

What are the 3 different types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

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61
Q

What type of endocytosis is referred to as “cell eating” ?

A

Phagocytosis

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62
Q

What type of endocytosis is referred to as “cell drinking” ?

A

Pinocytosis

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63
Q

Which type of vesicular transport moves into, across, and then out of cell?

A

Transcytosis

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64
Q

Amino acids are formed by covalent bonds called _______.

A

Peptide bonds

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65
Q

Colloids are also known as _______

A

Emulsions

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66
Q

What type of bond is nonmetal to metal?

A

Ionic bond

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67
Q

What type of bond is nonmetal to nonmetal?

A

Covalent

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68
Q

What type of chemical bond involves the transfer of valence shell electrons from one atom to another?

A

Ionic bond

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69
Q

Which type of covalent bond has equal sharing of electrons between atoms?

A

Nonpolar

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70
Q

What type of covalent bond has unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms?

A

Polar

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71
Q

Atoms with greater electron-attracting ability are electro_______.

A

Negative

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72
Q

Atoms with less electron-attracting ability are electro________.

A

Positive

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73
Q

This type of bond is the attractive force between electropositive hydrogen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

A

Hydrogen bond

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74
Q

This type of chemical reaction involves atoms or molecules combining to form larger, more complex molecules.

A

Synthesis

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75
Q

Catabolic chemical reactions are a result of _________ reactions.

A

Decomposition

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76
Q

AB + C —> AC + B is an example of what type of reaction?

A

Exchange reaction / displacement reaction

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77
Q

Atoms are oxidized when they ______ electrons.

A

Oxidized

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78
Q

_______ are biological catalysts

A

Enzymes

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79
Q

Water, salts, and many acids and bases are examples of ________ compounds.

A

Inorganic

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80
Q

What type of compounds contain carbon, are usually, and are covalently bonded?

A

Organic compounds

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81
Q

What are some examples of organic compounds?

A

Carbs, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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82
Q

Water dissolves and dissociates ionic substances because of its _________ properties.

A

Polar solvent

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83
Q

All ions are called _______ because they can conduct electrical currents in solution.

A

Electrolytes

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84
Q

These types of ions play specialized roles in body functions:

A

Sodium, potassium, calcium, and iron

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85
Q

_______ (organ) play a big role in maintaining proper balance of electrolytes

A

Kidneys

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86
Q

If electrolyte balance is disrupted, what happens?

A

Virtually all organ systems cease to function

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87
Q

_______ are ionic compounds that dissociate into separate ions in water.

A

Salts

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88
Q

Acids and bases are both electrolytes, true or false?

A

True

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89
Q

______ are proton donors, meaning they release hydrogen ions.

A

Acids

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90
Q

________ are proton acceptors, meaning they pick up H+ ions in solution

A

Bases

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91
Q

OH- is a _______, released when a base dissolves in solution

A

Hydroxyl ion

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92
Q

When acids and bases are mixed together, it is called a _________ reaction.

A

Neutralization reaction

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93
Q

What does a buffer do in regards to acids and bases?

A

Release hydrogen ions if pH rises and bind hydrogen ions if pH falls

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94
Q

Carbon is electronegative, true or false

A

False, carbon is electro jet rail

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95
Q

True or False, Carbon shares electrons, never gains or loses them.

A

True

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96
Q

How is carbon synthesized?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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97
Q

How is carbon broken down?

A

Hydrolysis reactions

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98
Q

What type of organic compound contains C, H, and O, and include sugars and starches

A

Carbohydrates

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99
Q

What type of sugar contain three to seven carbon atoms?

A

Monosaccharides

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100
Q

What is the smallest unit of carbohydrates?

A

Monomers

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101
Q

What are 3 examples of important disaccharides?

A

Sucrose, maltose, and lactose

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102
Q

True or false, monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates

A

True

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103
Q

What is formed by the dehydration synthesis of many monomers?

A

Polysaccharides

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104
Q

What is the carbohydrate storage form used by plants?

A

Starch

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105
Q

What is the carbohydrate storage form used by animals?

A

Glycogen

106
Q

Which type of lipid is called fat when solid and oil when liquid?

A

Triglycerides

107
Q

What type of fatty acid has one or more carbons linked via double bonds?

A

Unsaturated

108
Q

Cholesterol, vitamin D, and bile salts are examples of?

A

Common steroids

109
Q

What is the building block of vitamin D, steroid synthesis, and bile salt synthesis?

A

Cholesterol

110
Q

Eicosanoids are a type of?

A

Lipids

111
Q

All proteins are made from ______ types of amino acids.

A

20

112
Q

Amino acids are joined by covalent bonds called ______ bonds.

A

Peptide

113
Q

What are the four levels of protein structure?

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

114
Q

Keratin, elastin, and collagen are examples of _______ proteins.

A

Fibrous (structural) proteins

115
Q

Antibodies, hormones, molecular chaperones, and enzymes are examples of _________ proteins.

A

Globular (functional) proteins

116
Q

Which shape of protein is compact, water-soluble, and sensitive to environmental changes?

A

Globular (functional) proteins

117
Q

The process of globular proteins unfolding and losing their functional shape is called?

A

Desaturation

118
Q

True or false, enzymes act on a very specific substrate

A

True

119
Q

True or false, enzymes are general catalyst for chemical reactions

A

False, they act on specific substrates

120
Q

What are nucleotides composed of?

A

A pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases (A, G, C, T)

121
Q

What are two pentose sugars found in nucleotides?

A

Ribose and deoxyribose

122
Q

True or false, glucose is an important polysaccharide

A

False, it is an important monosaccharide

123
Q

What are the four basic tissue types?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue

124
Q

What are the three ways tissue can be viewed under a microscope?

A

Fixed, sectioned, and stained

125
Q

Which tissue is a sheet of cells that covers body surfaces or cavities?

A

Epithelial tissue

126
Q

What are the 5 distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

Polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connective tissues, avascular (but innervated), and regeneration

127
Q

The upper free side exposed to surface or cavity of epithelial tissue is called the ______ surface.

A

Apical

128
Q

Specialized finger like projections on some apical surfaces of epithelial tissue are called ________.

A

Microvilli

129
Q

_________ increase surface area for absorption for epithelial tissue cells.

A

Microvilli

130
Q

The basal surface of epithelial tissue cells are the _____ attached side, facing ___________ the body.

A

Lower attached side, facing inward toward the body.

131
Q

What are two types of lateral contacts bringing adjacent epithelial cells together?

A

Tight junctions and desmosomes

132
Q

What is deep to basal lamina, consisting of a network of collagen fibers?

A

Reticular lamina

133
Q

The __________ is made up of basal and reticular lamina.

A

Basement membrane

134
Q

True or false, connective tissue support maintains a copy of original cell.

A

True

135
Q

What are the three “second names” of epithelial tissues?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

136
Q

What type of epithelial cells are everywhere on the body - squamous, cuboidal, or columnar?

A

Squamous

137
Q

Which epithelial cells are flattened and scale-like?

A

Squamous

138
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue cells are found in the kidneys?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

139
Q

Which type of epithelium function where rapid diffusion is priority?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

140
Q

What type of simple squamous epithelial are found in the lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart?

A

Endothelium

141
Q

What type of simple squamous epithelial are found on serous membranes in the ventral body cavity?

A

Mesothelium

142
Q

What type of epithelium is found in digestive tract, gallbladder, ducts of some glands, bronchi, and uterine tubes?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

143
Q

Which type of epithelium is involved in secretion, particularly of mucus?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

144
Q

What type of epithelium is involved in absorption of secretion of mucus, ENZYMES, and other substances

A

Simple columnar epithelium

145
Q

Which type of epithelium is located mostly in upper respiratory tract, ducts of large glands, and tubules in testes?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

146
Q

What is the most widespread of stratified epithelia?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

147
Q

What type of epithelium is our skin?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

148
Q

Where are keratinized cells found?

A

Skin

149
Q

Where are nonkeratinized cells found?

A

Moist linings

150
Q

What type of rare epithelium is found in some sweat and mammary glands?

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

151
Q

What type of epithelium is found in small amounts found in pharynx, in male uthera, and lining some glandular ducts?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

152
Q

What type of epithelium forms at the lining of hollow urinary organs?

A

Transitional epithelium

153
Q

What type of epithelium has the ability to change shape when stretched?

A

Transitional epithelium

154
Q

What epithelia has one ore more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid called a secretion?

A

Gland

155
Q

What type of glands are ductless glands?

A

Endocrine

156
Q

What is an example of endocrine glands?

A

Blood vessels

157
Q

What type of glands secrete hormones?

A

Endocrine glands

158
Q

What type of glands secrete fluids onto body surfaces or into body cavities?

A

Exocrine glands

159
Q

What are more numerous, exocrine or endocrine glands?

A

Exocrine

160
Q

What type of glands secrete products into ducts?

A

Exocrine

161
Q

What are the only important unicellular glands?

A

Mucous cells and goblet cells

162
Q

What type of glands are found in epithelial kingpins of intestinal and respiratory tracts?

A

Unicellular exocrine glands

163
Q

What are the three modes of secretion for multicellular exocrine glands?

A

Merocrine, Holocrine, apocrine

164
Q

Binding, supporting, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances (blood) are the functions of what type of tissue?

A

Connective tissue

165
Q

What are the four main classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

166
Q

What are the three main elements of connective tissue?

A

Ground substance, fibers, and cells

167
Q

What is the protein-sugar mesh that is made up of ground substance and fibers of connective tissue called?

A

extracellular matrix (ECM)

168
Q

What helps cells so they can bear weight, withstand tension, and endure abuse?

A

The extracellular matrix

169
Q

What is the unstructured gel-like material that fills space between cells of connective tissue?

A

Ground substance

170
Q

What are the three types of fibers of connective tissue?

A

Collagen, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers

171
Q

What type of connective tissue fiber is short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers, offering more “give”?

A

Reticular

172
Q

What type of cell is immature form, actively secreting ground substance and ECM fibers?

A

“Blast” cells

173
Q

What type of blast cells are found in connective tissue proper?

A

Fibroblasts

174
Q

What type of blast cells are found in cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts

175
Q

What type of blast cells are found in bone?

A

Osteoblasts

176
Q

What type of blast cells are found in bone marrow?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells

177
Q

What type of cells are more mature, less active, and become part of / help maintain health of extracellular matrix?

A

“Cyte” cells

178
Q

What type of connective tissue cells store nutrients?

A

Fat cells

179
Q

What type of connective tissue cells are neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and respond to injury?

A

White blood cells

180
Q

What type of connective tissue cells initiate local inflammatory response against foreign microorganisms?

A

Mast cells

181
Q

What type of connective tissue cells are phagocytic cells that “eat” dead cells, microorganisms, and function in immune system?

A

Macrophages

182
Q

When drive for K+ to leave cell is balanced by its drive to stay within the cell, what is established?

A

Resting Membrane Potential

183
Q

At RMP, skeletal cells have around how many volts?

A

-90mV

184
Q

If Na+ enters cell, it can bring RMP up to ______, like in muscles.

A

-70mV

185
Q

How is the resting membrane potential maintained in a cell?

A

The sodium-potassium pump and electrochemical gradients

186
Q

Glycocalyx, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and plasma membrane receptors are always involved in what?

A

Cellular interaction

187
Q

What is the cellular material that is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus?

A

Cytoplasm

188
Q

What is cytoplasm composed of?

A

Cytosol, inclusions, and organelles

189
Q

What are the membranous organelles of cytoplasm?

A

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes

190
Q

What are the nonmembranous organelles of cytoplasm?

A

Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, and centrioles

191
Q

Within mitochondria, ______ are embedded with membrane proteins that play a role in cellular respiration

A

Cristae

192
Q

What are the nonmembranous organelles that are site of protein synthesis?

A

Ribosomes

193
Q

What are ribosomes made up of?

A

Protein and rRNA

194
Q

What is the organelle that facilitates peptide bonds between amino acids?

A

Ribosomes

195
Q

What plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

196
Q

What type of cell organelle consists of a series of parallel, interconnected cisterns?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

197
Q

Which type of ER is the site of synthesis of proteins secreted by cell, plasma membrane proteins and phospholipids?

A

Rough ER

198
Q

What type of ER is the involved in lipid metabolism, steroid-based hormone synthesis, absorbing/transporting fats, and storing/releasing calcium?

A

Smooth ER

199
Q

What modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids received from rough ER?

A

Golgi Apparatus

200
Q

Within the cytoplasm, what is the “traffic director,” controlling which of the three pathways final products will take as new transport vesicles?

A

Golgi Apparatus

201
Q

What do peroxisomes do?

A

Detoxify free radicals, as well as play a role in the breakdown/synthesis of fatty acids

202
Q

What is oxidase?

A

An enzyme used by peroxisomes that uses oxygen to convert toxins

203
Q

What does catalase do?

A

Decomposes hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen

204
Q

What organelle are spherical membranous BAGS containing digestive enzymes; “safe” sites?

A

Lysosomes

205
Q

What organelle will ISOLATE potentially harmful intracellular digestion of bacteria, viruses, and toxins?

A

Lysosomes

206
Q

What organelle will break down and release calcium from the bone?

A

Lysosomes

207
Q

What acts as a cell’s “bones, ligaments, and muscle” by playing a role in movement of cell components?

A

Cytoskeleton

208
Q

What are the three types of cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

209
Q

What are the semi-flexible strands of protein actin in the cytoskeleton called?

A

Microfilaments

210
Q

What strengthens cell surface and helps to resist compression?

A

Microfilaments

211
Q

What type of cytoskeleton helps cell resist pulling forces?

A

Intermediate filaments

212
Q

What cytoskeleton elements determines overall shape of the cell?

A

Microtubules

213
Q

Which cytoskeletal element provides tracks for motor proteins to move substances throughout cell?

A

Microtubules

214
Q

_______ are whiplike, motile extensions on surfaces of certain cells, such as respiratory cells.

A

Cilia

215
Q

________ are longer extensions of centrioles that propel the whole cell, like the tail of sperm.

A

Flagella

216
Q

What are the minute, finger like extensions of plasma membrane that project from surface of select cells, used to increase surface area for absorption?

A

Microvilli

217
Q

True or false, red blood cells have many nuclei.

A

False, they are anucleate (no nucleus)

218
Q

What are the dark-staining spherical bodies within nucleus that are involved in rRNA synthesis?

A

Nucleoli

219
Q

What are the three main structures of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope, nucleoli, and chromatin

220
Q

What moves substances throughout a cell, powered by ATP, using microtubules as tracks?

A

Motor proteins

221
Q

Where is the centrosome located?

A

Near the nucleus

222
Q

What are the two major periods of cell cycle?

A

Interphase and cell division

223
Q

What is the period from cell formation to cell division, when cell carries out its routine activities?

A

Interphase

224
Q

What gets arranged in fundamental units called nucleosides, which consist of DNA wrapped around histones?

A

Chromatin

225
Q

Chromosomes are condensed _______.

A

Chromatin

226
Q

What are threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes?

A

Chromosomes

227
Q

Prior to division, the cell makes a copy of _______.

A

DNA

228
Q

What are the three sub phases of a cell’s interphase?

A

Gap 1, Synthetic, Gap 2

229
Q

In what sub phase of interphase does DNA replication occur?

A

Synthetic

230
Q

DNA starts replication by laying down a short strand that acts as a ________.

A

Primer

231
Q

What attaches to an RNA’s primer to add nucleotides to form a new strand of DNA?

A

DNA polymerase

232
Q

What phase of cell cycle is the phase in which division occurs?

A

Mitotic phase

233
Q

Mitosis is the division of?

A

Nucleus

234
Q

What are the four stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

235
Q

What phase of mitosis do the chromesomes split?

A

Anaphase

236
Q

What are some “stop” signals for cell division?

A

Contact inhibition

237
Q

A segment of DNA that holds the code for one polypeptide is referred to as a _____.

A

Gene

238
Q

What is the “go-between” molecule that links DNA to proteins?

A

RNA

239
Q

What are the three types of RNA?

A

Messenger, Ribosomal, and Transfer

240
Q

Which type of RNA is involved in the transcription process?

A

Messenger RNA

241
Q

What type of RNA is the structural component of ribosomes, the organelle where protein synthesis occurs?

A

Ribosomal RNA

242
Q

What type of RNA carries amino acids, and will complementary base-pair with codon of mRNA at ribosome (known as translation)?

A

Transfer RNA

243
Q

Protein synthesis of cell division occurs in what two steps?

A

Transcription and translation

244
Q

The process of protein synthesis where DNA information is coded in mRNA is called?

A

Transcription

245
Q

The process of protein synthesis where mRNA is decoded to assemble polypeptides is called?

A

Translation

246
Q

Each three-based sequence on DNA is represented by a complementary three-base sequence on mRNA called ______.

A

Codon

247
Q

How many possible codons are there in DNA?

A

64

248
Q

True or False, there are only 30 possible amino acids, so this means that some amino acids are represented by more than one codon.

A

False, 20 possible amino acids

249
Q

What coordinates the coupling of mRNA and tRNA?

A

Ribosomes

250
Q

True or false, anticodon sequence of tRNA is identical to DNA sequence, except uracil is substituted for thymine

A

True

251
Q

Programmed cell death is known as?

A

Apoptosis

252
Q

Telomerase is an enzyme that lengthens?

A

Telomeres

253
Q

How many codons are STOP codons?

A

3 codons

254
Q

What are the four main classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood

255
Q

Connective tissue proper consists of all connective tissues except?

A

Bone, cartilage, and blood

256
Q

What are the two subclasses of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose and dense connective tissue

257
Q

What are examples of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

258
Q

What are some examples of loose connective tissues?

A

Areolar, adipose, and reticular

259
Q

What is the most widely distributed connective tissue?

A

Areolar

260
Q

Which connective tissue proper serves as the universal packing material between other tissues?

A

Areolar