Chapter 11 - Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system:

Brain, nerve, spinal cord, or tract

Answer 1

Nerve

Question 2

Myelinates nerve fibers in the CNS

astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglial cell, oligodendrocyte

Answer 2

oligodendrocyte

Question 3

lines brain cavities

astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglial cell, oligodendrocyte

Answer 3

ependymal cell

Question 4

myelinated nerve fibers in the PNS

microglial cell, oligodendrocyte, satellite cell, schwann cell

Answer 4

schwann cell

Question 5

CNS phagocyte

astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglial cell, oligodendrocyte

Answer 5

microglial cell

Question 6

helps regulate the ionic composition of CNS extracellular fluid

astrocyte, ependymal cell, microglial cell, oligodendrocyte

Answer 6

astrocyte

Question 7

Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? (a) support and brace neurons, (b) anchor neurons to blood vessels, (c) control the chemical environment around neurons, (d) provide the defense for the CNS.

Answer 7

D

Question 8

Assume that an EPSP is being generated on the dendritic membrane. Which will occur? (a) specific Na+ channels will open, (b) specific K+ channels will open, (c) a single type of channel
will open, permitting simultaneous flow of Na+ and K+, (d) Na+ channels will open first and then close as K+ channels open.

Answer 8

C

Question 9

The (a) mechanically gated, (b) voltage-gated, (c) leakage, (d) ligand- gated ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials.

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Regulation by the nervous system results in reaction to impulses that are (a) fast and long-lasting, (b) fast and short-lived, (c) relatively slow and long-lasting, (d) relatively slow and short-lived.

Answer 10

B

Question 11

Biogenic amine neurotransmitters include all but (a) norepinephrine, (b) acetylcholine, (c) dopamine, (d) serotonin.

Answer 11

B

Question 12

The primary function of the (a) efferent neuron, (b) afferent neuron, (c) association neuron, (d) glial cell is connecting other neurons.

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by poisoning blocks neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction because

(a) ACh is no longer released by the presynaptic terminal,
(b) ACh synthesis in the presynaptic terminal is blocked, (c) ACh is not degraded, hence prolonged depolarization is enforced on the postsynaptic cell, (d) ACh is blocked from attaching to the postsynaptic ACh receptors.

Answer 13

C

Question 14

Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and
is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone?
(a) acetylcholine, (b) endorphin, (c) serotonin, (d) nitric oxide.

Answer 14

B

Question 15

An IPSP is inhibitory because (a) it hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, (b) it reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic terminal,
(c) it prevents calcium ion entry into the presynaptic terminal, (d) it changes the threshold of the neuron.

Answer 15

A

Question 16

Impulses continue around and around the circuit until one neuron stops firing

converging, diverging, parallel after-discharge, reverberating

Answer 16

reverberating

Question 17

One or a few inputs ultimately influence large numbers of neurons

converging, diverging, parallel after-discharge, reverberating

Answer 17

diverging

Question 18

Many neurons influence a few neurons

converging, diverging, parallel after-discharge, reverberating

Answer 18

converging

Question 19

May be involved in exacting types of mental activity

converging, diverging, parallel after-discharge, reverberating

Answer 19

parallel after-discharge

Question 20

The ______ is the biosynthetic (and receptive) center of the neuron

Answer 20

cell body

Question 21

A collection of cell bodies is called a _______ in the CNS and a ___________ in the PNS

Answer 21

nucleus in the CNS, ganglion in the PNS

Question 22

A bundle of nerve fibers is called a _____ in the CNS and ________ in the PNS

Answer 22

tract in the CNS, nerve in the PNS

Question 23

Most neurons have many _____, receptive processes that conduct signals from other neurons toward the nerve cell body

Answer 23

dendrites

Question 24

With few exceptions, all neurons have one _____, which generates and conducts nerve impulses away from the nerve cell body; their terminals release neurotransmitter

Answer 24

axon

Question 25

________ is a reduction in membrane potential (inside becomes less negative)

Answer 25

depolarization

Question 26

________ is an increase in membrane potential (inside becomes more negative)

Answer 26

hyperpolarization

Question 27

____ potentials are small, brief, local changes in membrane potential that act as short-distance signals. The current produced dissipates with distance.

graded or action

Answer 27

graded

Question 28

_____ potentials, or nerve impulse, is a large, but brief, depolarization signal (and polarity reversal) that underlies long-distance neural communication. It is an all-or-none
phenomenon.

graded or action

Answer 28

action

Question 29

True or False, APs are independent of stimulus strength

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or False, Strong stimuli can cause APs to be generated more frequently but not with greater amplitude

Answer 30

True

Question 31

A _____ is a functional junction between neurons

Answer 31

Synapse

Question 32

The information-transmitting neuron is the ______ neuron

Answer 32

presynaptic