Chapter 3 - Cells

Question 1

The principle of complete rarity states that the biochemical activity of cells reflects the operations of their what?

Answer 1

Organelles

Question 2

What are the three major regions of the generalized human cell?

Answer 2

The nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the plasma membrane

Question 3

Body fluids, cellular secretions, and extracellular matrix are examples of what type of materials found outside of cells?

Answer 3

Extracellular materials

Question 4

What encloses cell contents, mediates exchanges with the extracellular environment, and plays a role in cellular communication?

Answer 4

Plasma membrane

Question 5

The plasma membrane is a fluid bilayer of what?

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

What act as an active barrier separating intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid?

Answer 6

Plasma membrane

Question 7

What three things make up the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

Phospholipids, glysolipids, and cholesterol

Question 8

The phospholipids of of membrane lipid bilayer are made up of what two parts?

Answer 8

Phosphate heads and fatty acid tails

Question 9

Which part of the phospholipid aspect of a cell’s lipid bilayer is charged?

Answer 9

Phosphate heads

Question 10

Which part of the phospholipids in a cell’s lipid bilayer are hydrophobic?

Answer 10

Fatty acid tails

Question 11

Glycolipids are lipids with what attached?

Answer 11

Sugar groups

Question 12

What substance in a cell membrane increase the membrane stability by decreasing the mobility of the phospholipids and the fluidity of the membrane?

Answer 12

Cholesterol

Question 13

What allows cells to communicate with environment, making up half the mass of plasma membrane?

Answer 13

Membrane proteins

Question 14

What are the two types of membrane proteins?

Answer 14

Integral and peripheral

Question 15

What type of proteins are firmly inserted into membrane?

Answer 15

Integral

Question 16

What function as transport proteins as both channels and carriers, serve as enzymes, and receptors?

Answer 16

Integral proteins

Question 17

What type of membrane proteins are loosely attached to integral proteins?

Answer 17

Peripheral proteins

Question 18

What type of membrane proteins include filaments on intracellular surface used to provide plasma membrane support?

Answer 18

Peripheral proteins

Question 19

What is the sugar coating of cells?

Answer 19

The glycocalyx

Question 20

Made up of glycolipids and glycoproteins, the ________ helps in cell to cell recognition, like sperm recognizing the egg cell.

Answer 20

The glycocalyx

Question 21

Within the glycocalyx, what acts as an adhesive?

Answer 21

Glycoproteins

Question 22

A series of integral protein molecules in the plasma membrane of adjacent cells will fuse together to form an impermeable junction encircling the cell, called what?

Answer 22

Tight junction

Question 23

What are the anchoring junctions that bind adjacent cells together like Velcro called?

Answer 23

Desmosomes

Question 24

What type of cell junction will allow “give” between cells, reducing the possibility of tearing under tension?

Answer 24

Desmosomes

Question 25

At gap junctions the adjacent plasma membranes are very close, and the cells are connected by hollow cylinders called ______.

Answer 25

Connexons

Question 26

The connexons of gap junctions are composed of ___________.

Answer 26

Transmembrane proteins

Question 27

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 27

Amino acids

Question 28

What are the monomers of DNA/RNA?

Answer 28

Nucleotides

Question 29

What are the monomers for carbohydrates?

Answer 29

Monosaccharides

Question 30

When two simple sugars join into a double sugar, is a water molecule eliminated or consumed?

Answer 30

Eliminated

Question 31

In order for a disaccharide to be broken down into a simple sugar, a water molecule must ______ from each bond.

Answer 31

Removed