Pre Lab: Shoulder and Arm 1

Question 1

What are the 2 ends of the clavicle?

Answer 1

The acromial end (laterally) and the sternal end (medially)

Question 2

What is the conoid tubercle?

Answer 2

Tells us which part of the clavicle is inferior and is located near the acromial end.

Question 3

What is the subclavian groove and what is its purpose?

Answer 3

Subclavian groove contains the subclavius muscle which

Question 4

How is the sternal end different to the acromial end?

Answer 4

The sternal end is more bulbous.

The lateral end is more elongated and binds to the acromium of the scapula and called the acromial end.

Question 5

What features are located on the posterior end of the clavicle?

Answer 5

The conoid tubercle.

From the conoid tubercle is the trapezoid line which extends superolaterally and is important for ligament connection.

Subclavian groove contains subclavius muscle that descents the posterior end of the clavicle.

Question 6

What direction does the clavicle bow?

Answer 6

Anteriorly from the sternal end

Posteriorly near acromial end (forms an S shape)

Question 7

What are the borders of the scapula?

Answer 7

Medial border

Lateral border

Superior border

Question 8

What are the angles of the scapula?

Answer 8

Superior angle

Inferior angle

Question 9

What is the coracoid process?

Answer 9

A process anteriorly and superiorly in the scapula

Question 10

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

Answer 10

Glenoid cavity

Question 11

Where is the neck of the scapula?

Answer 11

Laterally and posteriorly (medial to the glenoid)

Question 12

Where does the spine of the scapula terminate?

Answer 12

At the acromion

Question 13

Where is the suprascapular notch located?

Answer 13

Between the superior angle of the scapula and the coracoid process

Question 14

Where are the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles located?

Answer 14

Bump above the glenoid fossa = supraglenoid tubercle

Bump below the glenoid fossa = infraglenoid tubercle

Question 15

What is the notch between the spine and the glenoid called?

Answer 15

The spino-glenoid notch

Question 16

What are the 3 important fossae for muscles in the scapula?

Answer 16

Supraspinous fossa

Infraspinous fossa

Subscapular fossa

Question 17

What part of the humerous articulates with the glenoid fossa?

Answer 17

The head of the humerus

Question 18

What are the necks of the humerus?

Answer 18

The anatomical neck

The surgical neck (more common fractures below the tuberosities of the humerus)

Question 19

What is the more lateral humeral tuberosity?

Answer 19

The greater tuberosity

Question 20

What is the more anterior humeral tuberosity?

Answer 20

The lesser tuberosity

Question 21

What structure is located between the greater and lesser tuberosities?

Answer 21

The intertubercular (bicipital) groove

Question 22

What is the deltoid tuberosity?

Answer 22

Halfway down the shaft of the humerus is a roughened bump. This is the deltoid tuberosity.

Question 23

What does the deltoid tuberosity do?

Answer 23

Provides attachment point for the deltoid muscles.

Question 24

What is the part of the humerus that articulates with the bones of the forearm?

Answer 24

The trochlea (attaches directly to the ulna which forms a notch at that point) and the capitulum (rounded edge that attaches to the radius)

Question 25

What is the job of the coronoid fossa and radial fossa of the humerus?

Answer 25

The coronoid fossa is located above the trochlea and provides extra space for the ulna to move into during full flexion. The radial fossa does the same for the radius.

Question 26

What structures are located more posteriorly lateral to the trochlea?

Answer 26

The epicondyles

Question 27

Where does the ulna fit into during full extension?

Answer 27

The olecranon fossa

Question 28

What does the interclavicular ligament connect?

Answer 28

Both clavicles

Question 29

What ligament connects the manubrium to the clavicle?

Answer 29

The anterior sternoclavicular ligament

Question 30

What 2 structures are connected by the costoclavicular ligament?

Answer 30

The clavicle and the first rib’s costal cartilage anteriorly

Question 31

What does the coracoclavicular ligament connect?

Answer 31

The clavicle at 2 ends to the coracoid process. Each one of these 2 has its own name: The coranoid ligament and the trapezoid ligament.

Question 32

What does the acromioclavicular ligament connect?

Answer 32

The acromion to the clavicle neck.

Question 33

What is the coracoacromial ligament and what does it do?

Answer 33

A ligament that joins the coracoid process to the acromion forming a sling above the head of the humerus to prevent it from dislocating.

Question 34

What is the coracohumeral ligament?

Answer 34

A thickening of the glenoid joint capsule superioposteriorly

Question 35

What ligament goes between the 2 tubercles of the humerus? What is its function?

Answer 35

The transverse humeral ligament. This connection creates a tunnel for the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle to pass through.

Question 36

What structure surrounds the shoulder joint to maintain synovial fluid in the joint?

Answer 36

Shoulder joint capsule

Question 37

Where does the sternocleidomastoid originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 37

Originates at sternum (manubrium) and clavicle

Inserts onto mastoid process of temporal bone

Its action is to rotate the skull.

Question 38

Where does the trapezius muscle originate and insert and what does it do?

Answer 38

Originates on occipital bone and spinous process of all the cervical vertibrae until T12. Huge muscle with an aponeurosis in the middle.

Inserts onto the acromion process and spine of the scapula.

It rotates and adducts/retracts the scapula.

Question 39

What muscles other than the trapezius act on the scapula?

Answer 39

Levator scapulae

Rhomboideus minor

Rhomboideus major

Serratus anterior

Triceps brachii

Pectoralis minor

Question 40

Where does levator scapulae originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 40

O = transverse process C1 - 4

I = Medial border of scapula

A=elevates scapula

Question 41

Where does rhomboideus minor originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 41

O = Spinous processes of C7 and T1

I = Medial border of scapula

A = Rotates and adducts / retracts the scapula

Question 42

Where does levator rhomboideus major originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 42

O = T2 - T5

I = Medial border of scapula

A = Rotates and adducts / retracts the scapula

Same as rhomboideus minor with different origin only

Question 43

Where does pec major originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 43

O = Clavicle, sternum, and upper 6 ribs

I = Greater tuberosity of humerus

A = Flexes, adducts and medially rotates the arm

Question 44

Where does pec minor originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 44

O = Ribs 3 - 5

I = Coracoid process of scapula

A = Depresses the scapula
and expands rib cage for vigorous breathing,

Question 45

Where does serratus anterior originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 45

O = Upper 8 ribs

I = Medial border of the scapula

A = Abducts / protracts the scapula

Question 46

Where does the deltoid muscle originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 46

O = Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula

I = Deltoid tubercle of the humerus (shaft)

A = Abducts the arm

Anterior fibers are important for horizontal flexion, posterior fibers are important for horizontal extension

Question 47

Where does latissimus dorsi originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 47

O = Broad aponeurosis extending from spines of T9 - L5, sacral cres S1 - S5 and iliac crest

I = Bicipital groove of the humerus

Action = Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm.

Question 48

Where does coracobrachialis originate and insert? What is its action?

Answer 48

O = Coracoid process of the scapula

I = Shaft of the humerus

A = Weak flexion and adduction of the arm