Pre Lab: Shoulder and Arm 1 Flashcards
What are the 2 ends of the clavicle?
The acromial end (laterally) and the sternal end (medially)
What is the conoid tubercle?
Tells us which part of the clavicle is inferior and is located near the acromial end.
What is the subclavian groove and what is its purpose?
Subclavian groove contains the subclavius muscle which
How is the sternal end different to the acromial end?
The sternal end is more bulbous.
The lateral end is more elongated and binds to the acromium of the scapula and called the acromial end.
What features are located on the posterior end of the clavicle?
The conoid tubercle.
From the conoid tubercle is the trapezoid line which extends superolaterally and is important for ligament connection.
Subclavian groove contains subclavius muscle that descents the posterior end of the clavicle.
What direction does the clavicle bow?
Anteriorly from the sternal end
Posteriorly near acromial end (forms an S shape)
What are the borders of the scapula?
Medial border
Lateral border
Superior border
What are the angles of the scapula?
Superior angle
Inferior angle
What is the coracoid process?
A process anteriorly and superiorly in the scapula
Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?
Glenoid cavity
Where is the neck of the scapula?
Laterally and posteriorly (medial to the glenoid)
Where does the spine of the scapula terminate?
At the acromion
Where is the suprascapular notch located?
Between the superior angle of the scapula and the coracoid process
Where are the supraglenoid and infraglenoid tubercles located?
Bump above the glenoid fossa = supraglenoid tubercle
Bump below the glenoid fossa = infraglenoid tubercle
What is the notch between the spine and the glenoid called?
The spino-glenoid notch
What are the 3 important fossae for muscles in the scapula?
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
What part of the humerous articulates with the glenoid fossa?
The head of the humerus
What are the necks of the humerus?
The anatomical neck
The surgical neck (more common fractures below the tuberosities of the humerus)
What is the more lateral humeral tuberosity?
The greater tuberosity
What is the more anterior humeral tuberosity?
The lesser tuberosity
What structure is located between the greater and lesser tuberosities?
The intertubercular (bicipital) groove
What is the deltoid tuberosity?
Halfway down the shaft of the humerus is a roughened bump. This is the deltoid tuberosity.
What does the deltoid tuberosity do?
Provides attachment point for the deltoid muscles.
What is the part of the humerus that articulates with the bones of the forearm?
The trochlea (attaches directly to the ulna which forms a notch at that point) and the capitulum (rounded edge that attaches to the radius)
What is the job of the coronoid fossa and radial fossa of the humerus?
The coronoid fossa is located above the trochlea and provides extra space for the ulna to move into during full flexion. The radial fossa does the same for the radius.
What structures are located more posteriorly lateral to the trochlea?
The epicondyles
Where does the ulna fit into during full extension?
The olecranon fossa
What does the interclavicular ligament connect?
Both clavicles
What ligament connects the manubrium to the clavicle?
The anterior sternoclavicular ligament
What 2 structures are connected by the costoclavicular ligament?
The clavicle and the first rib’s costal cartilage anteriorly
What does the coracoclavicular ligament connect?
The clavicle at 2 ends to the coracoid process. Each one of these 2 has its own name: The coranoid ligament and the trapezoid ligament.
What does the acromioclavicular ligament connect?
The acromion to the clavicle neck.
What is the coracoacromial ligament and what does it do?
A ligament that joins the coracoid process to the acromion forming a sling above the head of the humerus to prevent it from dislocating.
What is the coracohumeral ligament?
A thickening of the glenoid joint capsule superioposteriorly
What ligament goes between the 2 tubercles of the humerus? What is its function?
The transverse humeral ligament. This connection creates a tunnel for the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle to pass through.
What structure surrounds the shoulder joint to maintain synovial fluid in the joint?
Shoulder joint capsule
Where does the sternocleidomastoid originate and insert? What is its action?
Originates at sternum (manubrium) and clavicle
Inserts onto mastoid process of temporal bone
Its action is to rotate the skull.
Where does the trapezius muscle originate and insert and what does it do?
Originates on occipital bone and spinous process of all the cervical vertibrae until T12. Huge muscle with an aponeurosis in the middle.
Inserts onto the acromion process and spine of the scapula.
It rotates and adducts/retracts the scapula.
What muscles other than the trapezius act on the scapula?
Levator scapulae
Rhomboideus minor
Rhomboideus major
Serratus anterior
Triceps brachii
Pectoralis minor
Where does levator scapulae originate and insert? What is its action?
O = transverse process C1 - 4
I = Medial border of scapula
A=elevates scapula
Where does rhomboideus minor originate and insert? What is its action?
O = Spinous processes of C7 and T1
I = Medial border of scapula
A = Rotates and adducts / retracts the scapula
Where does levator rhomboideus major originate and insert? What is its action?
O = T2 - T5
I = Medial border of scapula
A = Rotates and adducts / retracts the scapula
Same as rhomboideus minor with different origin only
Where does pec major originate and insert? What is its action?
O = Clavicle, sternum, and upper 6 ribs
I = Greater tuberosity of humerus
A = Flexes, adducts and medially rotates the arm
Where does pec minor originate and insert? What is its action?
O = Ribs 3 - 5
I = Coracoid process of scapula
A = Depresses the scapula
and expands rib cage for vigorous breathing,
Where does serratus anterior originate and insert? What is its action?
O = Upper 8 ribs
I = Medial border of the scapula
A = Abducts / protracts the scapula
Where does the deltoid muscle originate and insert? What is its action?
O = Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
I = Deltoid tubercle of the humerus (shaft)
A = Abducts the arm
Anterior fibers are important for horizontal flexion, posterior fibers are important for horizontal extension
Where does latissimus dorsi originate and insert? What is its action?
O = Broad aponeurosis extending from spines of T9 - L5, sacral cres S1 - S5 and iliac crest
I = Bicipital groove of the humerus
Action = Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm.
Where does coracobrachialis originate and insert? What is its action?
O = Coracoid process of the scapula
I = Shaft of the humerus
A = Weak flexion and adduction of the arm
