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imed3003 > Forearm and hand > Flashcards

Forearm and hand Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the olecranon located?

A

On the ulna anteriorly it forms a “head”

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2
Q

What is located directly beneath the head of the radius?

A

The neck of the radius and directly inferomedially is the radial tuberosity.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the radial tuberosity?

A

It is the insertion point of the biceps tendon.

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4
Q

Where is the radial fovea located?

A

Directly above the head of the radius. It articulates with the humerus.

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5
Q

What are the ulnar and radial notches for?

A

They provide spaces for each other to articulate. (Ulnar notch is a point on the radius for the ulna to articulate. Vice versa is true for the radial notch on the ulna)

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6
Q

Where is the radial styloid process located?

A

It is a bony projection from the distal radius (just under the thumb)

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7
Q

What is the significance of the anterior border of the radius?

A

It is shaped in a way that is important for pronation and supination of the arm

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8
Q

Where does the interosseus membrane articulate with the radius?

A

In the interosseus crest.

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9
Q

What kind of joint is present between radius and ulna?

A

Syndesmosis joint

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10
Q

What does the ulnar tuberosity do? Where is it located?

A

insertion point for brachialis

It is located anteriorly just below the coronoid process

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11
Q

Where is the ulnar styloid process located?

A

On the ulnar side it is a smaller projection than the radial styloid process.

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12
Q

Why is the interosseus membrane located more posteriorly?

A

To provide more laxity during the action of pronation

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13
Q

What are the carpal bones called?

A

She Looks Too Pretty Try To Catch Her

From lateral to medial, proximal to distal.

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium trapezoid Capitate Hamate

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14
Q

How are metacarpals numbered?

A

1 to 5 from thumb side

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15
Q

Which finger has only 2 phalanges?

A

The thumb

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16
Q

Where does most hand movement take place?

A

Around the radiocarpal joint

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17
Q

Where does finger movement take place?

A

At the metacarpo-phalangeal joints (knuckles)

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18
Q

What ligaments hold the elbow together?

A

Ulnar collateral ligament (MCL)

Radial collateral ligament (LCL)

Annular ligament (Forms a sling around the head of the radius and is connected to the LCL)

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19
Q

What retains the tendons and prevents bowstringing in the wrist?

A

The flexor retinaculum on the flexor side and extensor retinaculum on the extensor side

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20
Q

What is the origin and insertion and action of the brachioradialis muscle?

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of humerus. (Highest origin point of any forearm muscle)

Insertion: Styloid process of radius

Action: Flexes forearm

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21
Q

What kind of muscle is brachioradialis considered to be developmentally?

A

It is a dorsal compartment muscle even though it is located in the anterior compartment.

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22
Q

Brachioradialis is considered a shunt muscle. What does this mean?

A

When origin is close to the joint it acts on

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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of pronator teres?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (and supracondylar line)

Insertion: Lateral surface of the radius

Action: Pronates forearm

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of Flexor carpi radialis?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Metacarpals 2 & 3

Action: Flexes and abducts hand

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25
Q

Where do all anterior compartment muscles originate (besides brachioradialis)?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

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26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of palmaris longus?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Flexor retinaculum

Action: Flexes hand

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27
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, and metacarpal 5

Action: Flexes and adducts the hand

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28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of Flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna

Insertion: Middle phalanges digits 2 - 5

Action: Flexes middle phalanges digits 2 - 5 (no flexion of distal phalanges)

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29
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment forearm muscles?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Palmaris longus

30
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of Flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Origin: Ulna and interosseus membrane

Insertion: distal phalanges 2 - 5

Action: Flexes digits 2 - 5

31
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate and deep anterior compartment?

A

Intermediate: Flexor digitorum superficialis (middle phalanges)

Deep: Flexor digitorum profundus (Distal phalanges)

Flexor pollicis longus

Pronator quadratus

32
Q

How do the tendons for flexor digitorum profundus pass through the tendons for flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

The tendons for flexor digitorum superficialis bifurcate towards their insertion point to allow flexor digitorum profundus to pass through to the distal phalanges.

33
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of Flexor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: Radius and interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx digit 1 (thumb)

Action: Flexes digit 1

34
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of pronator quadtratus?

A

Origin: Anterior border of the ulna

Insertion:Anterior border of the radius

Action: Pronates the forearm

35
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment?

A

Brachioradialis

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor digiti minimi

Extensor carpi ulnaris

36
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of Extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpal 2

Action: Extends and abducts the hand.

37
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of Extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Metacarpals 2 and 3

Action: Extends and abducts the hand

This muscle is a little deeper than ECRL.

38
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of Extensor digitorum (communis)?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of digits 2 - 5

Action: Extends digits 2 - 5

39
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of extensor digiti minimi?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Joins extensor digitorum tendon

Action: Extends digit 5

40
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna

Insertion: Metacarpal 5

Action: Extends and adducts hand

41
Q

What are the muscles of the deep layer of the extensor compartment?

A

Supinator

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor indicis

42
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of supinator?

A

Origin: Supinator crest on ulna

Insertion: Shaft of radius

Action: Supinates forearm

43
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of abductor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: Interosseus membrane

Insertion: Metacarpal 1

Action: Abducts the thumb

44
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Origin: Radius and interosseus membrane

Insertion: Proximal phalanx digit 1

Action: Extends the thumb

45
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of extensor pollicis longus?

A

Origin: Ulna and interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx digit 1

Action: Extends thumb

46
Q

What is the extensor expansion?

A

Tissue that covers the posterior end of the phalanges to provide extensor function to the phalanges.

47
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of extensor indicis?

A

Origin: Ulna and interosseus membrane

Insertion: Joins extensor digitorum tendon

Action: Extends digit 2

48
Q

What are the muscles that supinate the forearm?

A

Supinator

Biceps brachii

49
Q

What are the muscles that pronate the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

50
Q

What is the thenar eminence?

A

The meaty part of the thumb

51
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence?

A

The meaty part under the pinkie

52
Q

What intrinsic hand muscle abducts the thumb?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

53
Q

What intrinsic hand muscle flexes the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis

54
Q

What does opponens pollicis do? How is its action different to flexion?

A

Opposes the thumb.

This action is different to flexion in that it moves through multiple planes.

55
Q

What intrinsic hand muscle adducts the thumb?

A

Adductor pollicis

56
Q

What are the muscles of the thenar group?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

Adductor pollicis

Opponens pollicis

Flexor pollicis brevis

57
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar group?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

58
Q

What muscles abducts the 5th digit?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

59
Q

Which muscle flexes the 5th digit?

A

Flexor digiti minimi

60
Q

What does opponens digiti minimi do?

A

Opposes the 5th digit

61
Q

What muscles of the hand originate from tendons? What do they do?

A

The lumbricals, they pass anteriorly to the metacarpophalangeal joint and posteriorly to the interphalangeal joint and insert into the extensor expansion.

Their job is to flex the carpometacarpal joint while extending the interphalangeal joints.

62
Q

What do the palmar interossei do?

A

They have exactly the same function as lumbricals but they also adduct the fingers.

PAD (adduction) (adducts digits 2, 4 and 5)

63
Q

What do the dorsal interossei do?

A

abduct digits 2, 3, and 4

64
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus named in relation to?

A

The axillary artery. Posterior lateral and medial to the axillary artery

65
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve provide?

A

Deltoids and teres minor

66
Q

What arteries pass through the forearm in the anterior comparment?

A

The radial and ulnar arteries on respective sides.

67
Q

What do the radial and ulnar arteries become?

A

The superficial and deep palmar arches

68
Q

Where do arteries that supply the fingers pass?

A

On the sides of the fingers. This is to prevent occlusion when grasping.

69
Q

What are the veins that supply the hands?

A

The dorsal venous arch

70
Q

What are the veins that drain the forearm?

A

Deep veins:

Venae comitantes

Brachial vein

Superficial veins:

Basilic vein (on medial side all the way up)

Cephalic vein

Both veins meet at the Median cubital vein

71
Q

Where is the brachial vein easy to visualize in specimens?

A

It passes through the back of the tricep before appearing near the deep humoral artery.

imed3003 (48 decks)

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