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Intro To Opto > Pre-final > Flashcards

Pre-final Flashcards

1
Q

-LOOKING THROUGH ODD PIECES OF GLASS.
-EVEN PRIMITIVE PEOPLE COULD BECOME AWARE OF THE MAGNIFYING POWER OF A CRUDE LENS.

A

HISTORY OF LENS

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2
Q

-WHEN HELD IN SUNLIGHT, THE FOCUSING POWER OF CRUDE MUST ALSO HAVE BEEN NOTICED.

A

EVOLUTION OF SPECTALES

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3
Q

IN ANCIENT TIMES:
-SOMEONE NOTICED THAT CONVEX-SHAPED GLASS MANIFIED IMAGES.
-SOMETIMES BETWEEN THE YEAR 1000 AND 1250 :
-CRUDE TECHNOLOGY BEGAN TO DEVELOP REGARDING READING STONES

A

-SIMPLE MAGNIFIERS

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4
Q

(EARLY 12TH-13TH CENTURY)
-WE’RE FASHIONED DISCOVERY OF GLASS IS BELIEVED TO HAVE OCCURED IN SYRIA
-WHEN SUFFICIENTLY CLEAR GLASS WAS LATER PRODUCED
-BOTTLES COULD BE MADE THAT WHEN FILLED WITH WATER
-IT CAN REFRACT LIGHT TO SHOW MAGNIFICATION OF SMALL DETAIL.

A

LENSES

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5
Q

Where is the discovery of glass is to believe to have occured

A

SYRIA

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6
Q

SOON BECAME THE CENTER OF EARLY GLASS INDUSTRY

A

EGYPT

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7
Q

-WITH IRREGULAR PIECES OF GLASS,THE PRISM EFFECT OF PRODUCING COLORS IS OBSERVED.
-FIRST CENTURY A.D., THE ROMANS STOIC PHILOSOPHER SENECA
-DESCRIBED THE PRISM EFFECTS AS WELL AS THE MAGNIFICATION OF MINUTE LETTERING.
-THAT BECAME LARGER AND CLEARER WHEN VIEWED THROUGH A GLASS BULB FILLED WITH WATER.

A

EARLY 12TH-13 CENTURY

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8
Q

-FIRST CENTURY A.D., THE ROMANS STOIC PHILOSOPHER.
-DESCRIBED THE PRISM EFFECTS AS WELL AS THE MAGNIFICATION OF MINUTE LETTERING.

A

SENECA

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9
Q

KNOWN AS THE FIRST OBSERVE CHINESE USING SPECTACLES IN 1270 DURING VISIT TO CHINA

A

MARCO POLO

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10
Q

CHINESE CLAIM THAT EYEGLASSES CAME INTO EXISTENCE IN

A

ARABIA IN THE 11TH CENTURY

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11
Q

-AN ENGLISH FRANCISCAN FRIAR
-INVENTOR OF MAGNIFYING GLASS

A

ROGER BACON 1220-1292

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12
Q

MANUSCRIPT CALLED ____ NOTED THAT LETTERS COULD BE SEEN BETTER AND LARGER WHEN VIEWED THROUGH A SPHERE OF GLASS

A

OPUS MAJUS

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13
Q

CLAIMED FOR THE 1ST TIME THAT SUCH _____ COULD ASSIST ______or VISION OF AGED PERSONS.

A

SPHERES, WEAK EYES

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14
Q

EARLY 12TH-13TH
-CALLED THE FATHER OF OPTICS
-DISCOVERED GLASS SPHERES
-USED GET RID OF PRESBYOPIA
-ARABIAN, MATHEMATICIAN,OPTICIAN,ASTRONOMER IN CAIRO

A

ALHAZEN (1268-1289)

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15
Q

-USED AS A HANDHELD ITEM
-PEOPLE USED TO PLACE IT ON THE READING MATERIAL.

A

READING STONE

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16
Q

DEVELOPED IN NORTHERN ITALY WHERE IN THE 11TH CENTURY THE INDUSTRY FLOURISHED IN

A

-PISA
-VENICE
-ISLAND OF MURANO

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17
Q

BIRTH OF OPTICAL INDUSTRY PROBABLY OCCURED THERE, WITH THE INVENTION OF

A

CORRECTIVE SPECTALES AROUND 1285

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18
Q

SPECTACLES HAD BEEN INVENTED DURING THE ARRIVAL OF THE _____ IN 1440 A TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT THAT ENSURE THE FUTURE WIDESPREAD NEEDS FOR SPECTACLES.

A

PRINTING PRESS

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19
Q

-Were the first to prouduce magnifying glass.
-later produced lenses which could be placed in a frame in front of the eye
-insted reading math

A

Venetian glass blowers

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20
Q

The idea to frame two ground glasses took place

A

13TH century

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21
Q

“OLDEST SPECTACLES” FROM PAINTING BY ________ IN ITALY 1352

A

TOMMASO DE MODENA

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22
Q

CONSISTED OF 2 LENSES IN RIMS JOINED CENTRALLY

A

13th century

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23
Q

SPECTACLES BECAME MORE WIDE SPREAD IN USE MAINLY FOR ELDERLY.

A

17th century

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24
Q

SPECTACLES IN THE 17TH DID NOT HAVE SIDES OR TEMPLES TO HOLD THE LENSES BUT THE NOSE IS PINCHED

A

PINCE-NEZ

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25
Q

TYPE ONE PIECE SPECTACLES VERY COMMON AND PERSISTED INTO THE 18TH CENTURY

A

NUREMBERG

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26
Q

BOW SPECTALES

A

NUREMBERG
NOSE SPECTACLES WITH ONE BRIDGE SLIT
NOSE SPECTACLES WITH THREE BRIDGE SLITS

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27
Q

Could date from as early as 1600

A

STYLISTICALLY

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28
Q

In the musuem collection

A

OLDEST PAIR

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29
Q

1718 A LONDON OPTICIAN

A

EDWARD SCARLETT
17TH CENTURY SPECTACLES

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30
Q

-PUT ARMS ON EYEGLASSES
-TO HOLD THEM ON THE EARS
-WITH THIS EYEGLASSES CONVERTED INTO

A

SPECTACLES

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31
Q

GREAT ADVANCES WERE MADE IN THE DESIGN OF SPECTACLES IN THE 18TH CENTURY ESPECIALLY IN THE LATTER HALF

A

LAW 1978

32
Q

-USED WHEN WATCHING CONCERTOS; OPERA
-MINI POCKET SIZE TELESCOPE

A

Spy glass

33
Q

1750 SPECTACLES

A

-WhaleBONE SPECTACLES
-STORER SYLLEPSIS SPECTACLES
-STEEL SPRING IMPROVEMENT

34
Q

Circa 1790

A

Venetian sun spectacles

35
Q

Circa 1760

A

TYPICAL STEEL WIG SPECTACLES
GOLD SPECTACLES WITH SPOKED TERMINALS

36
Q

THE FORERUNNER OF THE “LONGNETTE”

A

SCISSORS SPECTACLES

37
Q

Were first made in Germany around 1750

A

A HANDLED SPECTACLE

38
Q

-WE’RE first made in Germany AROUND 1750
-COULD BE HUNG ON A CHAIN
-OR A CORD AROUND THE NECK OR
-SIMPLY FLOURISHED IN AN OSTENTATIOUS MANNER

A

A HANDLED SPECTACLE

39
Q

CONNECTS THE 2 CONVEX LENSES FOR MAGNIFIERS

A

Rivet

40
Q

-STRAIGHT HANDLE LIKE SHAFTS LED UP TO RIVET
-THESE WERE LITERALLY TWO MAGNIFYING GLASSES FIXED TOGETHER

A

TYPE 1 RIVET SPECTACLES

41
Q

-HAD GENTLY CURVING SHAFT PERMITTING A TIGHTER GRIP ON THE NOSE AND SOME SUPPORT FROM THE NATURAL BRIDGE.

A

TYPE 2 RIVET SPECTACLES

42
Q

-HAD MUCH FLATTER PAIR OF SHAFTS THAT TOGETHER RESEMBLED A MODERN BRIDGE.
-LENSES WERE INSERTED BETWEEN 2 BEVELLED LAYERS OF BASSWOOD THAT WERE GLUED TOGETHER.
-BEEN LIKENED TO THE PAIR WORN BU ST. LUKE IN AN ALTAR PAINTING “THE DAY OF PENTECOST” BY:, KONRAD VON

A

TYPE 3 RIVET SPECTACLES

43
Q

19th century spectacles

A

ELKINGTON PATENT SPECTACLES (1834)
SPECTACLES WITH SLIDING SIDES (1838)
GLUED STEEL SPECTACLES WITH A KNOCKED ON CRANK BRIDGE, CIRCA (1880)

44
Q

-1ST BIFOCAL
-WAS A MYOPIC
-GOT TIRED OF INTERCHANGING 2 PAIRS OF GLASSES OF CONSTANTLY
-DECIDED TO GET RID OFF THIS TROUBLE

A

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

45
Q

-NO ESTABLISH RECORD OF OPTOMETRY IN THE PHIL.
-NO FACILITY FOR GRINDING PRESCRIPTION FOR LENSES
-NOT KNOWN IF REFRACTION WAS PERFORMED
-PRESUMED THAT A FEW WEALTHY RESIDENT
-ORDERED THEIR READY MADE READING SPECTACLES FROM EUROPE

A

FOR CENTURY

46
Q

-ERA SPECTACLES PEDDLERS COVERED WAGONS AND SPECTACLES STORES
-EYEGLASSES BECOME GOOD BUSINESS:

A

18TH TO 19TH CENTURY
*WHEN SPECTACLES WERE NO LONGER BEING ASSOCIATED WITH WITCHCRAFT.
*AND WERE RECOGNIZED AS A VALUABLE TOOL FOR ENCHANCING VISION

47
Q

-SCIENCE AND ART OF CLINICAL REFRACTION WAS DEVELOPED.
-FOLLOWED LATER BY IMPROVED METHODS OF LENS FABRICATION.

A

19th century to early 20th

48
Q

MAINLY INVOLVED PURE VISION TESTING

A

OPTOMETRY

49
Q

OPTOMETRY MAINLY INVOLVED IN PURE VISIONS TESTING

A

EARLY TO MIDDLE OF 20TH CENTURY

50
Q

-FOLLOWED BY GROWING INTEREST IN

A

*BINOCULAR VISION
*INTRODUCTION OF VISUAL ANALYSIS
*DEVELOPMENT OF CONTACT LENSES

51
Q

-ESTABLISHED THE 1ST OPTOMETRIC CLINIC
-WHERE REFRACTION WAS PRACTICED IN MANILA.
-SET UP THE FIRST LENS GRINDING FACILITY IN PHIL.

A

R.M CLARK IN 1902

52
Q

-OPENED THEIR SERVICES WITH DR. JOAQUIN DEL ALCAZAR AS THEIR OPTOMETRIST

A

CLARK AND CO., AND H.E. HEACOCK

53
Q

FIRST OPTO ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES

A

1917

54
Q

ORGANIZATION OF THE OPTOMETRIST

A

PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF OPTOMETRIST

55
Q

-INITIAL MEMBERS WERE SO CALLED “OPTICIANS”

A

*DR. G.T HERMANN
*DR. JUSTO GONZALES
DR. E.V BARTHOLOMAI
DR. CARLOS ORTIZ

56
Q

-ENACTED THE 1ST REGULATORY LAW IN OPTOMETRY
-KNOWN AS THE “OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1917”
-WAS LATER AMENDED IN 1919
-OPTOMETRY EARNED ITS LEGAL RECOGNIZITION AS A PROFESSION WITH THE PASSAGE OF THIS LAW

A

PHILIPPINES ASSOCIATION OF OPTOMETRIST

57
Q

-PROVIDED THE CREATION OF THE JUNTA EXAMINATION (BOARD EXAMINERS) IN CHARGE TO DETERMINE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSING TO PRACTICE OPTOMETRY

A

OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1917

58
Q

-ALSO PROVIDED THAT THOSE WERE PRACTICING THE PROFESSION FOR AT LEAST A YEAR PRIOR TO MARCH 11,1917 MAY SECURE A CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS OPTOMETRIST

A

ARTICLE 812

59
Q

MARCH 11,1917 MAY SECURE A CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS OPTOMETRIST
UPON PASSING A

A

-PRACTICAL EXAM BY MEANS OF A “TRIAL CASE”

60
Q

-AMENDED OF OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1917
-A NEW SET RULES REGULATING PRACTICE OF OPTOMETRY

A

1957: REPUBLIC ACT 1998

61
Q

-A NEW SET OF RULES REGULATING PRACTICE OF OPTOMETRY
-BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINEERS OF OPTOMETRY

A

CODE OF ETHICS OF OPTOMETRY

62
Q

-STILL DEFINED OPTOMETRY AS A “DRUGLESS” PROFESSION
-OPTOMETRY PROGRAM STILL 4YEARS COURSE

A

IMPROVISED OF LAW OF THE 1917 LEGISLATION

63
Q

-BEFORE A NEW LAW WAS PASSED
-THE CONTROVERSIAL REVISED OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1995

A

38 YEARS

64
Q

-MANDATED THE INCREASE OF THE OPTOMETRY FROM 4 TO 6 YEARS
-CREATED THE (SUB) TECHNICAL PANEL ON OPTOMETRIC EDUCATION
-TO UPGRADE AND MAINTAIN A HIGH AND WORLD COMPETITIVE STANDARD OF OPTOMETRIC EDUCATION.

A

R.A 8050

65
Q

-SPECIFIC TROPICAL DRUGS USED TO AID OPTOMETRIST IN THEIR BOARD OF OPTOMETRY

A

DIAGNOSTIC PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS

66
Q

MYDRIATIC

A

PHENYLEPRINE
Proparacaine
Tropicamide

67
Q

CYCLOPLEGIC

A

TROPICAMIDE

68
Q

ANESTHETIC

A

PROPARACAINE
OXYBUPROCAINE-HCL
F.s -tbut-quality tears

69
Q

-FLUORESCEIN
-IOP,ASSESS,DRY EYES,CHECK,CORNEAL ABRASION->SLIT LAMP

A

FLUORECEIN STRIPS

70
Q

-1ST OPTOMETRY SCHOOL TILL 1925

A

PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY

71
Q

THE 12 OPTOMETRY SCHOOLS

A

CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY (CEU)
MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY (MCU)
CENTRAL COLLEGES OF THE PHIL (CCP)
DE OCAMPO MEMORIAL COLLEGES (DEMC)
UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO (UB)
PINES CITY EDUCATIONAL CENTER (PCEC)
LYCEUM NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE (LNC)
CEBU DOCTORS COLLEGE (CDC)
SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY (SWU,)
MINDANAO MEDICAL FOUNDATION COLLEGE (MMFC)
DAVAO DOCTORS COLLEGE (DDC)
ASIAN FOUNDATION COLLEGE (AFC)

72
Q

-9 OPTOMETRIST SCHOOL AND DEANS

A

CEU- DR. ELENA BORROMEO
MCU- DR. KATHERINE DE MESA
LNC- DR. VON PAULE TAULE
CDC- DR. PRUDENCE JOY CINCO
SWU-DR. NOEH FERNANDEZ JR
MMFC- DR. RACHEL GRACE PENALES
DDC- DR. JOVINA SANDRA DELA VICTORIA-TOM

73
Q

-BOARD OF EXAMINEERS IN OPTOMETRY
(PHILIPPINES REGULATORY COMMISSION)

A

Chairman: DR. BERNARDITA GARCIA
MEMBERS:
DR. IRENE CHRISTINE C. PELIÑO
DR. MARIO FLORES JR.
DR. CHRISTINE RODRIGUEZ

74
Q

IPAO

A

INTEGRATED PHILIPPINES ASSOCIATION OF OPTOMETRIST

75
Q

ONLY ACCREDITED PROFESSION ORG OF OPTO IN THE PHIL

A

PRESIDENT-NATIONAL
DR JOHN U. NAKPIL
CHAIRMAN -NATIONAL
DR. CHARLIE HO ( VISION SCIENCE INSTITUTE -VSI)
DR. JOVINA SANDRA DELA VICTORIA TOM (MINDANAO VSI)

Intro To Opto (9 decks)

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