Pre-final Flashcards
-LOOKING THROUGH ODD PIECES OF GLASS.
-EVEN PRIMITIVE PEOPLE COULD BECOME AWARE OF THE MAGNIFYING POWER OF A CRUDE LENS.
HISTORY OF LENS
-WHEN HELD IN SUNLIGHT, THE FOCUSING POWER OF CRUDE MUST ALSO HAVE BEEN NOTICED.
EVOLUTION OF SPECTALES
IN ANCIENT TIMES:
-SOMEONE NOTICED THAT CONVEX-SHAPED GLASS MANIFIED IMAGES.
-SOMETIMES BETWEEN THE YEAR 1000 AND 1250 :
-CRUDE TECHNOLOGY BEGAN TO DEVELOP REGARDING READING STONES
-SIMPLE MAGNIFIERS
(EARLY 12TH-13TH CENTURY)
-WE’RE FASHIONED DISCOVERY OF GLASS IS BELIEVED TO HAVE OCCURED IN SYRIA
-WHEN SUFFICIENTLY CLEAR GLASS WAS LATER PRODUCED
-BOTTLES COULD BE MADE THAT WHEN FILLED WITH WATER
-IT CAN REFRACT LIGHT TO SHOW MAGNIFICATION OF SMALL DETAIL.
LENSES
Where is the discovery of glass is to believe to have occured
SYRIA
SOON BECAME THE CENTER OF EARLY GLASS INDUSTRY
EGYPT
-WITH IRREGULAR PIECES OF GLASS,THE PRISM EFFECT OF PRODUCING COLORS IS OBSERVED.
-FIRST CENTURY A.D., THE ROMANS STOIC PHILOSOPHER SENECA
-DESCRIBED THE PRISM EFFECTS AS WELL AS THE MAGNIFICATION OF MINUTE LETTERING.
-THAT BECAME LARGER AND CLEARER WHEN VIEWED THROUGH A GLASS BULB FILLED WITH WATER.
EARLY 12TH-13 CENTURY
-FIRST CENTURY A.D., THE ROMANS STOIC PHILOSOPHER.
-DESCRIBED THE PRISM EFFECTS AS WELL AS THE MAGNIFICATION OF MINUTE LETTERING.
SENECA
KNOWN AS THE FIRST OBSERVE CHINESE USING SPECTACLES IN 1270 DURING VISIT TO CHINA
MARCO POLO
CHINESE CLAIM THAT EYEGLASSES CAME INTO EXISTENCE IN
ARABIA IN THE 11TH CENTURY
-AN ENGLISH FRANCISCAN FRIAR
-INVENTOR OF MAGNIFYING GLASS
ROGER BACON 1220-1292
MANUSCRIPT CALLED ____ NOTED THAT LETTERS COULD BE SEEN BETTER AND LARGER WHEN VIEWED THROUGH A SPHERE OF GLASS
OPUS MAJUS
CLAIMED FOR THE 1ST TIME THAT SUCH _____ COULD ASSIST ______or VISION OF AGED PERSONS.
SPHERES, WEAK EYES
EARLY 12TH-13TH
-CALLED THE FATHER OF OPTICS
-DISCOVERED GLASS SPHERES
-USED GET RID OF PRESBYOPIA
-ARABIAN, MATHEMATICIAN,OPTICIAN,ASTRONOMER IN CAIRO
ALHAZEN (1268-1289)
-USED AS A HANDHELD ITEM
-PEOPLE USED TO PLACE IT ON THE READING MATERIAL.
READING STONE
DEVELOPED IN NORTHERN ITALY WHERE IN THE 11TH CENTURY THE INDUSTRY FLOURISHED IN
-PISA
-VENICE
-ISLAND OF MURANO
BIRTH OF OPTICAL INDUSTRY PROBABLY OCCURED THERE, WITH THE INVENTION OF
CORRECTIVE SPECTALES AROUND 1285
SPECTACLES HAD BEEN INVENTED DURING THE ARRIVAL OF THE _____ IN 1440 A TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT THAT ENSURE THE FUTURE WIDESPREAD NEEDS FOR SPECTACLES.
PRINTING PRESS
-Were the first to prouduce magnifying glass.
-later produced lenses which could be placed in a frame in front of the eye
-insted reading math
Venetian glass blowers
The idea to frame two ground glasses took place
13TH century
“OLDEST SPECTACLES” FROM PAINTING BY ________ IN ITALY 1352
TOMMASO DE MODENA
CONSISTED OF 2 LENSES IN RIMS JOINED CENTRALLY
13th century
SPECTACLES BECAME MORE WIDE SPREAD IN USE MAINLY FOR ELDERLY.
17th century
SPECTACLES IN THE 17TH DID NOT HAVE SIDES OR TEMPLES TO HOLD THE LENSES BUT THE NOSE IS PINCHED
PINCE-NEZ
TYPE ONE PIECE SPECTACLES VERY COMMON AND PERSISTED INTO THE 18TH CENTURY
NUREMBERG
BOW SPECTALES
NUREMBERG
NOSE SPECTACLES WITH ONE BRIDGE SLIT
NOSE SPECTACLES WITH THREE BRIDGE SLITS
Could date from as early as 1600
STYLISTICALLY
In the musuem collection
OLDEST PAIR
1718 A LONDON OPTICIAN
EDWARD SCARLETT
17TH CENTURY SPECTACLES
-PUT ARMS ON EYEGLASSES
-TO HOLD THEM ON THE EARS
-WITH THIS EYEGLASSES CONVERTED INTO
SPECTACLES
GREAT ADVANCES WERE MADE IN THE DESIGN OF SPECTACLES IN THE 18TH CENTURY ESPECIALLY IN THE LATTER HALF
LAW 1978
-USED WHEN WATCHING CONCERTOS; OPERA
-MINI POCKET SIZE TELESCOPE
Spy glass
1750 SPECTACLES
-WhaleBONE SPECTACLES
-STORER SYLLEPSIS SPECTACLES
-STEEL SPRING IMPROVEMENT
Circa 1790
Venetian sun spectacles
Circa 1760
TYPICAL STEEL WIG SPECTACLES
GOLD SPECTACLES WITH SPOKED TERMINALS
THE FORERUNNER OF THE “LONGNETTE”
SCISSORS SPECTACLES
Were first made in Germany around 1750
A HANDLED SPECTACLE
-WE’RE first made in Germany AROUND 1750
-COULD BE HUNG ON A CHAIN
-OR A CORD AROUND THE NECK OR
-SIMPLY FLOURISHED IN AN OSTENTATIOUS MANNER
A HANDLED SPECTACLE
CONNECTS THE 2 CONVEX LENSES FOR MAGNIFIERS
Rivet
-STRAIGHT HANDLE LIKE SHAFTS LED UP TO RIVET
-THESE WERE LITERALLY TWO MAGNIFYING GLASSES FIXED TOGETHER
TYPE 1 RIVET SPECTACLES
-HAD GENTLY CURVING SHAFT PERMITTING A TIGHTER GRIP ON THE NOSE AND SOME SUPPORT FROM THE NATURAL BRIDGE.
TYPE 2 RIVET SPECTACLES
-HAD MUCH FLATTER PAIR OF SHAFTS THAT TOGETHER RESEMBLED A MODERN BRIDGE.
-LENSES WERE INSERTED BETWEEN 2 BEVELLED LAYERS OF BASSWOOD THAT WERE GLUED TOGETHER.
-BEEN LIKENED TO THE PAIR WORN BU ST. LUKE IN AN ALTAR PAINTING “THE DAY OF PENTECOST” BY:, KONRAD VON
TYPE 3 RIVET SPECTACLES
19th century spectacles
ELKINGTON PATENT SPECTACLES (1834)
SPECTACLES WITH SLIDING SIDES (1838)
GLUED STEEL SPECTACLES WITH A KNOCKED ON CRANK BRIDGE, CIRCA (1880)
-1ST BIFOCAL
-WAS A MYOPIC
-GOT TIRED OF INTERCHANGING 2 PAIRS OF GLASSES OF CONSTANTLY
-DECIDED TO GET RID OFF THIS TROUBLE
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
-NO ESTABLISH RECORD OF OPTOMETRY IN THE PHIL.
-NO FACILITY FOR GRINDING PRESCRIPTION FOR LENSES
-NOT KNOWN IF REFRACTION WAS PERFORMED
-PRESUMED THAT A FEW WEALTHY RESIDENT
-ORDERED THEIR READY MADE READING SPECTACLES FROM EUROPE
FOR CENTURY
-ERA SPECTACLES PEDDLERS COVERED WAGONS AND SPECTACLES STORES
-EYEGLASSES BECOME GOOD BUSINESS:
18TH TO 19TH CENTURY
*WHEN SPECTACLES WERE NO LONGER BEING ASSOCIATED WITH WITCHCRAFT.
*AND WERE RECOGNIZED AS A VALUABLE TOOL FOR ENCHANCING VISION
-SCIENCE AND ART OF CLINICAL REFRACTION WAS DEVELOPED.
-FOLLOWED LATER BY IMPROVED METHODS OF LENS FABRICATION.
19th century to early 20th
MAINLY INVOLVED PURE VISION TESTING
OPTOMETRY
OPTOMETRY MAINLY INVOLVED IN PURE VISIONS TESTING
EARLY TO MIDDLE OF 20TH CENTURY
-FOLLOWED BY GROWING INTEREST IN
*BINOCULAR VISION
*INTRODUCTION OF VISUAL ANALYSIS
*DEVELOPMENT OF CONTACT LENSES
-ESTABLISHED THE 1ST OPTOMETRIC CLINIC
-WHERE REFRACTION WAS PRACTICED IN MANILA.
-SET UP THE FIRST LENS GRINDING FACILITY IN PHIL.
R.M CLARK IN 1902
-OPENED THEIR SERVICES WITH DR. JOAQUIN DEL ALCAZAR AS THEIR OPTOMETRIST
CLARK AND CO., AND H.E. HEACOCK
FIRST OPTO ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
1917
ORGANIZATION OF THE OPTOMETRIST
PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF OPTOMETRIST
-INITIAL MEMBERS WERE SO CALLED “OPTICIANS”
*DR. G.T HERMANN
*DR. JUSTO GONZALES
DR. E.V BARTHOLOMAI
DR. CARLOS ORTIZ
-ENACTED THE 1ST REGULATORY LAW IN OPTOMETRY
-KNOWN AS THE “OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1917”
-WAS LATER AMENDED IN 1919
-OPTOMETRY EARNED ITS LEGAL RECOGNIZITION AS A PROFESSION WITH THE PASSAGE OF THIS LAW
PHILIPPINES ASSOCIATION OF OPTOMETRIST
-PROVIDED THE CREATION OF THE JUNTA EXAMINATION (BOARD EXAMINERS) IN CHARGE TO DETERMINE THE REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSING TO PRACTICE OPTOMETRY
OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1917
-ALSO PROVIDED THAT THOSE WERE PRACTICING THE PROFESSION FOR AT LEAST A YEAR PRIOR TO MARCH 11,1917 MAY SECURE A CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS OPTOMETRIST
ARTICLE 812
MARCH 11,1917 MAY SECURE A CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION AS OPTOMETRIST
UPON PASSING A
-PRACTICAL EXAM BY MEANS OF A “TRIAL CASE”
-AMENDED OF OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1917
-A NEW SET RULES REGULATING PRACTICE OF OPTOMETRY
1957: REPUBLIC ACT 1998
-A NEW SET OF RULES REGULATING PRACTICE OF OPTOMETRY
-BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINEERS OF OPTOMETRY
CODE OF ETHICS OF OPTOMETRY
-STILL DEFINED OPTOMETRY AS A “DRUGLESS” PROFESSION
-OPTOMETRY PROGRAM STILL 4YEARS COURSE
IMPROVISED OF LAW OF THE 1917 LEGISLATION
-BEFORE A NEW LAW WAS PASSED
-THE CONTROVERSIAL REVISED OPTOMETRY LAW OF 1995
38 YEARS
-MANDATED THE INCREASE OF THE OPTOMETRY FROM 4 TO 6 YEARS
-CREATED THE (SUB) TECHNICAL PANEL ON OPTOMETRIC EDUCATION
-TO UPGRADE AND MAINTAIN A HIGH AND WORLD COMPETITIVE STANDARD OF OPTOMETRIC EDUCATION.
R.A 8050
-SPECIFIC TROPICAL DRUGS USED TO AID OPTOMETRIST IN THEIR BOARD OF OPTOMETRY
DIAGNOSTIC PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS
MYDRIATIC
PHENYLEPRINE
Proparacaine
Tropicamide
CYCLOPLEGIC
TROPICAMIDE
ANESTHETIC
PROPARACAINE
OXYBUPROCAINE-HCL
F.s -tbut-quality tears
-FLUORESCEIN
-IOP,ASSESS,DRY EYES,CHECK,CORNEAL ABRASION->SLIT LAMP
FLUORECEIN STRIPS
-1ST OPTOMETRY SCHOOL TILL 1925
PHILIPPINE COLLEGE OF OPTOMETRY
THE 12 OPTOMETRY SCHOOLS
CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY (CEU)
MANILA CENTRAL UNIVERSITY (MCU)
CENTRAL COLLEGES OF THE PHIL (CCP)
DE OCAMPO MEMORIAL COLLEGES (DEMC)
UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO (UB)
PINES CITY EDUCATIONAL CENTER (PCEC)
LYCEUM NORTHWESTERN COLLEGE (LNC)
CEBU DOCTORS COLLEGE (CDC)
SOUTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY (SWU,)
MINDANAO MEDICAL FOUNDATION COLLEGE (MMFC)
DAVAO DOCTORS COLLEGE (DDC)
ASIAN FOUNDATION COLLEGE (AFC)
-9 OPTOMETRIST SCHOOL AND DEANS
CEU- DR. ELENA BORROMEO
MCU- DR. KATHERINE DE MESA
LNC- DR. VON PAULE TAULE
CDC- DR. PRUDENCE JOY CINCO
SWU-DR. NOEH FERNANDEZ JR
MMFC- DR. RACHEL GRACE PENALES
DDC- DR. JOVINA SANDRA DELA VICTORIA-TOM
-BOARD OF EXAMINEERS IN OPTOMETRY
(PHILIPPINES REGULATORY COMMISSION)
Chairman: DR. BERNARDITA GARCIA
MEMBERS:
DR. IRENE CHRISTINE C. PELIÑO
DR. MARIO FLORES JR.
DR. CHRISTINE RODRIGUEZ
IPAO
INTEGRATED PHILIPPINES ASSOCIATION OF OPTOMETRIST
ONLY ACCREDITED PROFESSION ORG OF OPTO IN THE PHIL
PRESIDENT-NATIONAL
DR JOHN U. NAKPIL
CHAIRMAN -NATIONAL
DR. CHARLIE HO ( VISION SCIENCE INSTITUTE -VSI)
DR. JOVINA SANDRA DELA VICTORIA TOM (MINDANAO VSI)
