PEAVC Flashcards
–>Axial lenght indicating focal lenght of the eye
–> accommodation is inactive
Refractive status
USED TO DESCRIBE THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF POSTERIOR PRINCIPAL FOCUS OF THE EYE’S REFRACTIVE MECHANISM AND THE RETINA OF THE SAME EYE WITH ACCOMMODATION RELAX OR AT REST
STATIC REFRACTION
ACCOMMODATION IS NOT AT REST
DYNAMIC REFRACTION
VARIATIONS FROM COINCIDENCE OF THE RETINA FOCUS OF THE EYE WITH RETINA
REFRACTIVE OF ANOMALIES,ERROR OF REFRACTION (EOR)
–>REFRACTIVE STATUS WITH ACCOMMODATION AT REST
–> CONVERGE TO FORM CIRCLE OF LEAST CONFUSION UPON THE RETINA
EMMETROPIA
CONVERGE TO FORM THE CIRCLE OF LEAST CONFUSION
AMETROPIA
INFRONT OF THE RETINA
MYOPIA
BEHIND OF RETINA
HYPEROPIA
PARELLEL INCIDENT RAYS COME TO FOCUS ON THE RETINA
Emmetropia
Parallel incident rays do not come to focus on the retina
AMETROPIA
INCORRECT AXIAL LENGTH OF THE EYEBALL
AXIAL AMETROPIA
A COMBINATION OF BOTH REFRACTIVE AXIAL AMTROPIAS
COMBINED AMETROPIA
TYPE OF MYOPIA
Myopia-w/out astigmatism
With astigmatism
HYPEROPIA -w/out astigmatism
With astigmatism
ASTIGMATISM
AGE RELATED CONDITION
PRESBYOPIA
With emmetropia
With ametropia
->high incidence of myopia with vanished in early infancy.
->Infant weight
Over 1,700 at birth exhibited myopia to 0 to 6.00 diopters which stabilized at 4 to 6 weeks of life and altered toward emmetropia
-> UNDER 1,250 GMS AT BIRTH SHOWED HIGHER MYOPIA OF -10.00 TO -12.00 DIOPTERS WITH REDUCES IN FEW MONTHS AND NEARED MYOPIA IN YEAR.
PREMATURE INFANTS
->THERE IS HIGH INCIDENCE IN MYOPIA
->MYOPIA IS RARE AT BIRTH
-> A HIGH INCIDENCE OF MYOPIA WITH REDUCES OF HYPEROPIA BY THE END OF FIRST YEAR.
-> MYOPIA WITH PRESENT AT BIRTH USUALLY DISAPPEARS IN THE FIRST YEAR.
NEWBORN
98% OF 4YRS OLD CHILDREN ARE MYOPIC
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
THERE IS DECREASE IN HYPEROPIA
SCHOOL CHILDREN
-> TREND TOWARD HYPEROPIA TOWARD MYOPIA
->HYPEROPIA INCREASES FROM AGE 45 TO 70.
->OVER THE AGE OF 65-70 TREND TOWARD MYOPIA CHANGES THE CRYSTALLINE LENS INDEX AND SUBSTANCES.
ADULTS
FOCAL PLANES AND THE CIRCLE OF LEAST CONFUSION
ASTIGMATISM
->EYE GROWTH IS MOST RAPID DURING FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE.
-> THE POWERS OF THE EYE’S REFRACTING COMPENSATE ADJUST TO COMPENSATE GROWTH.
OCCULAR DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMMED GENETICALLY OR INFLUENCED VISUALLY VIA FEEDBACK LOOP
EMMETROPIZATION
->INCREASED AXIAL LENGTH IS COMPENSATED FOR BY CORNEAL AND LENS CURVATURE CHANGES
->CHANGE BOTH SPHERICAL AND ASTIGMATIC.
-> REQUIRE A CLEAR RETINAL IMAGE
-> REDUCES MAGNITUDE AND VARIANCES OF REFRACTIVE ERROR BETWEEN BIRTH AND SIX YEARS OF AGE
EMMETROPIZATION
-> ASTIGMATISM SHOWS A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF LIFE
REFRACTIVE STATUS OF CHILDREN
REFRACTIVE STATUS AND AGING
HYPEROPIC->EMMETROPIC(10YEARS OLD)->MYOPIC(25 YEARS OLD)->HYPEROPIC(60 YEARS OLD)-> LESS HYPEROPIC(80 YEARS OLD)
->Occurs light entering the eye focuses in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
->THIS CAUSED BY CORNEA THAT IS STEEPER OR AN EYE THAT IS LONGER THAN NORMAL EYE.
NEARSIGHTEDNESS (MYOPIA)
NEARSIGHTED EYE
Sign and symptoms
-BLURRY DISTANCE VISION
-VISION SEEM CLEARER WHEN SQUINTING
-OCCURS LIGHT ENTERING THE EYE FOCUSED BEHIND THE RETINA INSTEAD DIRECTLY ON IT.
-IT IT CAUSE BY CORNEA THAT IS FLATTER OR AN EYE THAT IS SHORTER THAN NORMAL EYE
FARSIGHTEDNESS(HYPEROPIA)
-MILD TO MODERATE HYPEROPIA ARE OFTEN ABLE TO SEE CLEARLY BECAUSE THEIR NATURAL LENS CAN ADJUST OR ACCOMMODATE TO INCREASE THE EYE FOCUSING ABILITY
FARSIGHTED EYE
FARSIGHTED SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
-DIFFICULTY SEEING UP CLOSE
-BLURRED DISTANCE VISION
-EYE FATIGUE WHEN READING
-EYE STRAIN
-CROSSED EYES IN CHILDREN
Detected with vision
REFRACTION
YOUNG PATIENTS EYE’S ARE DILATED FOR THIS TEST SO THEY ARE UNABLE TO MASK THEIR FARSIGHTEDNESS WITH ACCOMMODATION
WET REFRACTION
->Depends on several factors such as patients age, activities, occupation.
->young patient may o may not require glasses or contacts lenses, depending on their ability to compensate for their farsightedness with accommodation, glass or contact lens required older patients
HYPEROPIA
An option for adults who wish to see clearly without glasses
REFRACTIVE SURGERY
Procedure that can be correct HYPEROPIA
LASIK - LASER ASSISTED in SITU KERATOmileusis
CLEAR LEN EXTRACTION AND REPLACEMENT
-INTRAOCULAR CONTACT LENSEs
-MEANS THAT THE CORNEA IS OVAL LIKE A FOOTBALL INSTEAD OF SPHERICAL LIKE BASKETBALL.
-IT HAS TWO CURVES THE STEPPER CURVE AND FLATTER curve
-THIS CAUSE LIGHT TO FOCUS ON MORE THAT ONE POINT IN THE EYE RESULTING BLURRED VISION AT DISTANCE OR NEAR
ASTIGMATISM
ASTIGMATISM SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Blurred vision (near& distance)
Detection and diagnosis of astigmatism
Corneal
Topography
Keratometry
Vision testing and refraction
Treatment and managemt of Astigmatism
Astigmatism can be corrected with glasses contact or surgical.
Known “short arm syndrome”
Is a term used to describe an eyecin which natural lens thicken
PRESBYOPIA
People can simply take their glasses off because they see best close up
NEARSIGHTED
Is a vison test that determines your best visual acuity with corrective lenses
REFRACTION
INTERPRETING NONVERBAL INFORMATION
A.BODY POSTURE
B.PROXIMITY
C. ORIENTATION
D. BODY LANGUAGE (Gestures,facial expression, eyes)
NONVERBAL SPEECH PATTERNS
INTONATION
RATE OF SPEECH
PITCH
VOLUME
PAUSES
PACING
C.L.O.S.E.R
C -ONTROL ANY DISTRACTION AND POTENTIAL INTERRUPTIONS.
L- LEAN SLIGHTLY FORWARD TO THE PATIENT
OPEN-MAINTAIN AN OPEN NON DEFENSIVE POSTURE AND APPEARED RELAXED.
S- FACE THE PATIENT, SQUARELY
E-MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT TO THE PATIENT
R-RESPECT THE PATIENT
Have you ever wondered what 20/20 means?
Vision test is one of the simplest yet most important components of the eye exam. For eye doctor compare result it always done at a standardized distance Of twenty feet
THE NATURE OF THE HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS INTERVIEW
-REASON FOR ATTENDANCE
-CURRENT OCCULAR OPTICAL STATUS
TYPICAL LIST OF INITIAL QUESTION THAT LEAD ON TO MORE SPECIFIC
-do you see well in the distance?
-do you see near objects well?
Headaches
Eye pain
Floaters
Flushed of light
Double vision
Patient occular history
Family occular history
TAKING CASE HISTORY
Find out if there a problema
Symptoms - ask the person about their eyes and how they see
Sign-look carefully at their eyes
Vision- measure how well the person see
Importance in taking case history
History is important because it helps you to find out the problem with a person eyes
TAKING CASE HISTORY
Chief complaint
Asking for detail.
Tear film
Mucous layer,water layer,oil layer (subaceous layer)
Divergent
Outside
Indivergent
Inside
20 20 20 vision
20 read 20 ft (30 seconds)
