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Intro To Opto > Basic Opto > Flashcards

Basic Opto Flashcards

1
Q

Prescribes lenses, contact lenses or any other optical aids

A

Optometrist

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2
Q

Treat the eye diseases and perform ocular surgery

A

Opthalmologist

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3
Q
  • signifies a person who is
    proficient in the science of optics.
A

Optician

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4
Q
  • involved in the teaching and
    training process of sensory and motor
    aspects of vision.
A

Orthoptist

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5
Q

a person involved in
the application of an artificial eye.

A

Ocular Prosthetist

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6
Q

-A person
engaged in the fitƫing contact lenses.

A

Contact Lens Practitioner

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7
Q

-Known as “ contologist”

A

Contact Lens Practitioner

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8
Q

a medical practitioner engaged in
the care of the eyes, ears, nose and
throat

A

EENT

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9
Q
  • providing
    assistance to the one who directly
    provide eye care services.
A

Ophthalmic Assistant

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10
Q

-highly developed photosensitive organ that
analyzes: the form, intensity and the color of
light reflected from objects.
-contains cushions of adipose issues.
-About 2.5cm in diameter.

A

EYE

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11
Q

the clear outer part of the eye’s
focusing system located at the front of the eye.

A

Cornea

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12
Q

is the light-sensitive tissue at the
back of the eye. The retina converts light
into electrical impulses that are sent to the
brain through the optic nerve.

A

Retina

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13
Q
  • is the colored part of the eye that
    regulates the amount of light entering the eye
A

Iris

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14
Q

a clear part of the eye behind the iris
that helps to focus light, or an image, on the retina.

A

Lens

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15
Q
  • is the small, sensitive area of the
    retina that gives central vision. It is located
    in the center of the retina.
A

Macula

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16
Q

is the largest sensory nerve of
the eye. It carries impulses for sight from
the retina to the brain.

A

Optic nerve

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17
Q
  • is the opening at the center of the
    iris. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil and
    controls the amount of light that can enter
    the eye.
A

Pupil

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18
Q
  • is a transparent, colorless
    mass that fills the rear two-thirds of the
    eyeball, between the lens and the retina.
A

Vitreous gel

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19
Q

HISTOLOGICAL DIVISION OF THE EYEBALL (3)

A

A. OUTER FIBROUS LAYER
B. MIDDLE VASCULAR LAYER
C. INNER NERVOUS LAYER

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20
Q

OUTER FIBROUS LAYER (ANTERIOR
CHAMBER)

A

eyelid, pupil, sclera, iris

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21
Q

Anterior ⅓ of the outermost layer
- Transparent membrane
- Provides ⅔ of the eye’s refracting power
- Avascular, clear and shiny surface
- Sensitive. There are more nerve ending in
the cornea than elsewhere in the body.

A

Cornea

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22
Q

LAYERS OF THE CORNEA

A
  • Anterior Epithelium
  • Bowman’s Membrane
  • Corneal Stroma
  • Descemet’s Membrane
  • Endothelium
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23
Q
  • Posterior ⅔ portion of the outermost
    layer.
  • Toughest layer of the eye
  • Opaque tissue that serves as the eye’s
    protective outer coat.
  • Maintains the shape of the globe.
  • Anchorage of the extraocular muscles
  • In children: thinner and translucent
  • Older people: yellowish
A

Sclera

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24
Q

Border of the cornea and sclera

A

CORNEOSCLERAL LIMBUS

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25
Q

MIDDLE VASCULAR LAYER (POSTERIOR
CHAMBER)

A

IRIS,. CILLIARY BODY,CRYSTALLINE LENS ,.CHOROID

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26
Q

Regulates the entry of light into the eye.
- Controlled by the dilator and sphincter
muscles.
- Doctors often evaluate the reaction of the
pupils to light to determine a person’s
neurological function.
- Pigment cells called “melanin”.

A

iris

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27
Q

Structure between the Iris and the Choroid
- production of aqueous humor.
- Nourishment comes from the blood vessels
that also supplies the iris.
- Has the ciliary muscles that control the
function of crystalline lens

A

Cilliary body

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28
Q

Clear transparent structure behind the
iris.
- Focuses the light into the retina.
- In young people, the lens changes
shape to adjust for close distance vision.
- With age, the lens gradually hardens,
diminishing the ability to accommodate.

A

.CRYSTALLINE LENS

29
Q

Lies between sclera and retina
- Provides blood supply to the eye
- Gives nutrition to the various parts of
the eye

A

Choroid

30
Q

INNER NERVOUS LAYER (POSTERIOR
CHAMBER)

A

RETINA ,RODS,CONES,MACULA, FOVEA,OPTIC NERVE,. OPTIC DISC/ OPTIC NERVE HEAD,

31
Q

made up of transparent, sensory and
nervous tissue carrying blood vessels,
nerve cells, and nerve fibers.
- Contains millions of photoreceptors
that capture light rays and convert
them into electrical impulses.
-has photoreceptors like rods and
cones.

A

RETINA

32
Q

More abundant
- cylindrical shaped
- high sensitivity to light
- function in night vision
- low visual acuity
- absent at the fovea

A

RODS

33
Q

low sensitivity to light
- responsible for colour vision
- localized at fovea
- Fewer in number
- conical shaped

A

CONES

34
Q

an oval-shaped pigmented area in the
center of the retina of the human eye
- gives central vision; contains the fovea.
Located temporal to the disc nerve.

A

MACULA

35
Q

-center of the macula
- area of keenest vision
- when we fixate or look directly at An
object, it is image on the fovea.

A

FOVEA

36
Q

a.k.a Cranial Nerve II
- Connects the eye to brain
- Transmits electrical impulse from the
retina to the brain
- The point in the retina where the
nerve fibers leave to form the optic
nerve is called the optic disc or blind
spot.

A

OPTIC NERVE

37
Q

is the location where ganglion cell axons
exit the eye to form optic nerve

A

OPTIC DISC/ OPTIC NERVE HEAD

38
Q

Formed in the Ciliary body
- Transparent liquid that occupies the
space between the cornea, iris and
crystalline lens.
Main purpose is to maintain the normal
pressure of the eye.

A

AQUEOUS HUMOR

39
Q

Thick transparent, jelly-like substance that
fills the center of the eye
 Composed mainly of water and comprises
about 2/3 of the eye’s volume, giving it
form and shape
 The viscous properties of the vitreous allow
the eye to return to its normal shape if
compressed

A

VITREOUS HUMOR

40
Q
  • are the protecting and supporting structures
    (adnexa) of the eye, including
    the eyebrow, eyelids, and lacrimal apparatus.
A

OCULAR ADNEXA

41
Q

A thin, transparent mucous membrane that
covers and protects the sclera.
- Secretes oils and mucous that moisten and
lubricate the eye.

A

CONJUNCTIVA

42
Q

Rows of fine hairs that protect the yes
from the elements and debris.

A

EYELASHES

43
Q

-prevents sweat, water and other debris from
falling into the eye.

A

EYEBROWS

44
Q

– produces tears whose functions is to
maintain the moisture of the cornea

A

LACRIMAL GLAND

45
Q

LACRIMAL DUCTS

A

– eliminate excess tears

46
Q

TEAR FILM (TEAR PRODUCTION SYSTEM)

A

– keeps the eyes moist, creates a smooth
surface for lights to pass through the eye,
nourishes the front of the eye

47
Q

TEAR FILM LAYERS

A

MUCOUS LAYER, WATER LAYER, OIL LAYER (SEBACEOUS LAYER)

48
Q

-innermost
-anchor for the tear film and helps it
adhere to the eye.

A

MUCOUS LAYER

49
Q

-middle

A

WATER LAYER

50
Q

-outermost
-prevent evaporation

A

OIL LAYER (SEBACEOUS LAYER)

51
Q

-permit eye movements
-6 muscles work in unison to move the eye

A

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE

52
Q

left to right, up and down

A

RECTUS MUSCLES

53
Q

rotate the eyes inward and onward

A

OBLIQUE MUSCLES

54
Q
  • painless compared to stye
  • red bump
  • also called meibomian cyst
A

CHALAZION

55
Q

inflammation of the eyelids.

A

BLEPHARITIS

56
Q

COMMON DISEASES IN THE CORNEA

A

KERATOCONUS
KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA
CONJUNCTIVITIS

57
Q

the cornea gradually bulges outward
into a cone shape.
- A cone-shaped cornea causes blurred
vision due to high astigmatism, and
causes sensitivity to light and glare.

A

KERATOCONUS

58
Q

Also known as “Dry Eyes” is dryness of
the conjunctiva and cornea.

A

KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA

59
Q

-inflammation of the conjunctiva.

A

CONJUNCTIVITIS

60
Q

DISEASES IN THE EYELID/LASHES

A

MADAROSIS
TRIACHIASIS
DISTICHIASIS
STYE
CHALAZION
BLEPHARITIS

61
Q

inflammation of the eyelids.

A

BLEPHARITIS

62
Q

-painless compared to stye
-red bump
- also called meibomian cyst

A

CHALAZION

63
Q

-also called HORDEOLUM
- small, red, painful lump that grows on your
lashes or under the eyelid.

A

STYE

64
Q

-two rows of eyelashes.

A

DISTICHIASIS

65
Q
  • grow back toward the eye, touching the
    cornea or conjunctiva.
A

TRIACHIASIS

66
Q

-Loss of eyelashes and sometimes eyebrows.

A

MADAROSIS

67
Q

PUPIL ABNORMALITIES

A

ANISOCORIA

68
Q

A condition in which the pupil of
one eye is different from the pupil of
the other side.

A

ANISOCORIA

Intro To Opto (9 decks)

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