Instruments In Optometric Practice Midterm Flashcards
-Also known as “OPHTHALMOMETER”.
-DIAGNOSTIC MEASURING THE CURVATURE OF THE (FRONT):ANTERIOR SURFACE OF THE CORNEA, MAINLY FOR ASSESSING THE EXTENT AND AXIS OF ASTIGMATISM.
-CURVATURE OF FRONT CORNEA
-KERATOCONUS
-KERATOMETER
used to obtain an objectives (x response px) measurements of the refractive error (EOR) of a patient’s eyes.
-subject response
-RETINOSCOPE
USED IN (RESPONSE)SUBJECTIVE REFRACTION IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY THE EOR OF THE PATIENT
-TRIAL LENS AND FRAME
- OPHTHALMIC DEVICE USED IN SUBJECTIVE REFRACTION.
-IT CONTAINS DIFFERENT LENSES USED TO MEASURE AN INDIVIDUALS REFRACTIVE ERROR AND DETERMINE OF EYEGLASSES PRESCRIPTION
PHOROPTER
USED IN A EYE EXAMINATION TO PROVIDE AN OBJECTIVE MEASUREMENTS OF A. INDIVIDUALS REFRACTIVE ERRORS.
Estimation amount EOR
-AUTO-REFRACTOR
AUTOKERATOREFRACTOMETER
USED BY THE OPTOMETRIST AND OPTICIANS TO VERIFY THE PRESCRIPTION IN PAIR OF EYEGLASSES, TO ORIENT AND MARK AN UNCUT LENS.
LENSMETER
-USED TO DETERMINE THE SMALLEST LETTERS YOU CAN READ ON A STANDARDIZED CHART.
-VISUAL ACUITY CHART/PROJECTOR
-TUMBLING E CHART
-USE TO SEE INSIDE THE FUNDUS OF THE EYE (INSIDE OF THE EYE) AND ITS STRUCTURES SUCH AS OPTIC DISK,MACULA,VEINS AND ARTERIES ETC.
-CRYSTALLINE LENS->CATARACT
Ophthalmoscope
-IS A MICROSCOPE WITH A BRIGHT LIGHT USED DURING AN EYE EXAM.
-IT GIVES A CLOSER LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES AT THE FRONT OF THE EYE AND INSIDE THE EYE
-IT’S A KEY TOOL IN DETERMINING THE HEALTH OF YOUR EYES AND DETECTING EYE DISEASE.
-CONTACT LENS (FLAT,STEEP,IDEA)
-DRY EYES ASSESSMENT
-internal and external
SLIT LAMP
-USED TO MEASURE ALL AREAS OF YOUR EYESIGHT MAINLY YOUR CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL VISION (,SIDE VISION)
-VISUAL FIELD TEST IS AN EYE EXAMINATION THAT CAN DETECT DYSFUNCTION IN CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL VISION.
VISUAL FIELD INSTRUMENT
(EX: END-STAGE GLAUCOMA->TUNNEL VISION
USED TEST FOR COLOR VISION.
-USED IN TESTING COLOR VISION.
-SCREENING->PRESENCE OR ABSENCE C.V.D (1,OR 2 MISTAKES)
ISHIHARA PLATES
- IS USED TO PROVIDE A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF COLOR DEFIENCY. TO IDENTIFY ON WHAT DEFIENCY HAS THE PATIENT HAS.
-D-15 FARNSWORTH (confirm cvd + identify the type.)
Red color deficiency
RED PROTANOMALY
GREEN COLOR DEFIENCY
Green DEUTERANOMALY
BLUE COLOR DEFIENCY
BLUE TRITANOMALY
The 3 kinds of deficiency
PROTANOMALY
DEUTERANOMALY
TRITANOMALY
-OPIA=COLOR BLINDNESS-ABSENT
-MALY=COLOR DEFIENCY-PRESENT
-also known as “Synoptopher” it is an instrument designed to develop the fusion faculty of a patient.
AMBLYSCOPE
3 FUSION TEST USED IN SYNOPTOPHORE
1.SIMULTANEOUS PERCEPTION
2.FLAT FUSION
3.STEREOPSIS-(3-D VISION)
l>depth perception -judge distance of objects
(Binocular vision)
USED IN MEASURING OCULAR ALIGNMENT
-STRABISMUS,PHORIA
PRISM BARS
USED FOR ASSESSING A PATIENT’S DEGREE OF BINOCULAR VISION
Worth 4-Dot
-IS A TEST USED TO CHECK FOR STEREOSCOPIC DEPTH PERCEPTION AT ANY AGE LEVEL.
-IT CAN MEASURE HOW TWO EYES CAN DISCERN THE DIFFERENCE IN THE DISTANCE OF OBJECTS FROM THE OBSERVER.
Stereo fly test
-are contact lens made of gas- permeable materials that allow oxygen to reach the cornea.
-they correct refractive errors, including astigmatism.
10mm to 12mm
HARD CONTACT LENS
This is AN EXAMPLE OF HARD CONTACT LENS WHICH ALLOWS OXYGEN TO PASS THROUGH THE LENS.
RGP “RIGID GAS PERMEABLE”
-SOFT(SILICON HYDROGEL) CONTACT LENS VERY FLEXIBLE PLASTIC IS THAT ABSORB WATER .
-SOFT LENSES ARE MORE FRAGILE AND REQUIRE MORE INTENSIVE CLEANING.
-14mm (larger than cornea dimmeter)
SOFT CONTACT LENS
-THESE ARE PRISMS USED TO MEASURE THE DEGREE OF MISALIGNMENT.
MEASURING PRISM
Visually impaired patients
LOW VISION AIDS
ROP
Retinopathy of prematurity
-IT IS AN OPTICAL DEVICE USED FOR VIEWING DETAILS OF AN OBJECT OR WORDS WITH THE USE OF MAGNIFICATION.
-THESE ARE WIDELY USED OR PROVIDED TO LOW VISION
MAGNIFIERS
-IT IS AN OPTICAL DEVICE USED FOR SPECIFIC WORKING DISTANCE OR SIMPLY LOOKING AT FAR.
-IT CAN BE FOCUSABLE OR FIX FOCUS.
TELESCOPIC AIDS
-IT IS ONE OF THE EXAMPLE FOR THIS WHERE IT IS MOUNTED THROUGH THE SPECTACLE LENS
BIOPTIC TELESCOPE
-An infection of the sebaceous glands
-the base of eyelashes
STYE
-TENDERNESS PAIN
-REDNESS IN THE AFFECTED AREA
-SWELLING
-WATERING OF THE EYE
-SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT (PHOTOPHOBIA)
-discomfort during blinking
-YELLOWISH BUMP DEVELOPS IN THE AFFECTED AREA
STYE
-SWELLING IN THE EYELID
-SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT
-INCREASED TEARING
CHALAZION
-REDNESS OF THE EYE
-ITCHING & IRRITATION OF THE EYELIDS
-FLAKY DEBRIS AT THE LASH MARGINS
-GRITTY (SANDY) SENSATION
BLEPHARITIS
-REDNESS & PAIN AROUND THE EYE
-SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT & WIND
-SAGGING SKIN AROUND THE EYE
-EXCESSIVE TEARING
-DECREASED VISION ESP IF CORNEA IS DAMAGED
-VERY UNCOMFORTABLE BEC LASHES RUB AGAINST THE CORNEA CONSTANTLY
ENTROPION
-REDNESS AND PAIN AROUND
-PX EXPERIENCE DRY EYE SINCE LOWER LID SAGS & EXPOSES THE EXTERNAL EYE MORE
ECTROPION
-ITCHINESS
-DISCOMFORT
-PRICKING PAIN ON CORNEA
TRICHIASIS
-INFECTION FROM BACTERIA OR VIRUS
-MOST COMMONLY DUE TO AN ALLERGIC REACTION
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
-RED EYES DUE TO ENGORGED BV
-IF BACTERIAL +FOR EXUDATES
-IF VIRAL WATERY APPEARANCE
CONJUNCTIVITIS
CONDITON:
-OCCURS WHEN LPS (LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIOR MUSCLE) IS NOT STRONG ENOUGH
-DAMAGE/TRAUMA TO THE
-MUSCLE WHICH RAISES THE EYELID OR THE NERVE WHICH CONTROLS THIS MUSCLE.
PTOSIS
CONDITION:
-VITAMIN A DEFIENCY
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
-SUPERFICIAL IRREGULARLY-SHAPED,FOAMY GRAY OR WHITE PATCHES THAT APPEARS ON THE CONJUNCTIVA.
XEROPTHALMIA
CONDITION:
-UNKNOWN
-BUT MORE COMMON IN PEOPLE W/EXCESS OR PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO SUN,DUST SAND ETC
SIGN& SYMPTOMS:
-PAINLESS
-MAY BECOME INFLAMED
-DRY EYES BURNING SENSATION
PTERYGIUM
-PAIN
-PHOTPHOBIA (SENSITIVITY TO LIGHT)
-FOREIGN BODY SENSATION
-REFLEX PRODUCTION OF TEARS
-CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION
CORNEAL ABRASION
-CROSS EYES OR SQUINTING
-DEVIATED EYES
-SOMETIME EVI-DENT WHEN THERE GLARE
STRABISMUS
CONDITION:
-Retinal detachment
-CATARACTS
SIGN & SYMPTOMS
-WHITE PUPILS
LEUKOCORIA
UNEQUAL PUPIL SIZES
ANISOCORIA
(NORMAL SIZE ROUND IN EYE 4.0 TO 4.5MM
WHITE GRAY DEPOSIT ENCIRCLING THE LIMBAL AREA
ARCUS SENILIS
Loss of lashes
MADAROSIS
IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED CHARTS DURING REFRACTION.
Snellen chart
