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Anesthesiology > Pre anesthetic drugs > Flashcards

Pre anesthetic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

why are pre anesthetic drugs administered? (3)

A
  1. Facilitate handling of the patient
  2. Decrease undesirable side effects of general anesthetics
  3. Provide analgesia during surgical procedures
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2
Q

what are the categories of the pre anesthetic drugs? (3)

A
  1. anticholinergic
  2. sedatives and tranquilizers
  3. non steroidal anti inflammatories (NSAIDs)
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3
Q

what are the anticholinergic drugs? (2)

A
  1. atropine

2. glycopyrrolate

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4
Q

which anticholinergic is an older drug?

A

atropine

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5
Q

which anticholinergic is derived from deadly night shade plant?

A

atropine

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6
Q

which species do NOT get atropine?

w

A

rabbits

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7
Q

how do anticholinergics work?

A

block the effect of teh parasympathetic nervous system

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8
Q

which anticholinergic is newer and synthetiic?

A

glycopyrrolate

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9
Q

which anticholinergic has a longer lasting effect?

A

glycopyrrolate

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10
Q

which anticholinergic is less likely to cross the placental barrier?

A

anticholinergic

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11
Q

mydriasis is…

A

dilation of the pupils

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12
Q

what are the effects of anticholinergics? (5)

A
  1. prevent abnormally slow HR
  2. prevent excessive salivation and repiratory secretions
  3. can decrease GI motility
  4. can cause mydriasis
  5. can cause bronchodilation
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13
Q

what is the purpose for administering tranquilizers/sedatives? (4)

A
  1. decrease fear and apprehension
  2. decrease the need for more anesthetic induction/maintenance
  3. decrease pain and discomfort post op
  4. facilitate induction and recovery
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14
Q

what are some commonly used tranquilizers/sedatives? (4)

A
  1. phenothiazine
  2. denzodiazipines
  3. alpha 2 agonist
  4. opioids
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15
Q

what are some examples of phenothiazines? (2)

A
  1. acepromazine

2. chorpromazine

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16
Q

what are the effects of phenothiazines? (6)

A
  1. CNS depression
  2. antiemetic
  3. antiarrhythmic
  4. peripheral vasodilation
  5. may lower seizure threshold
  6. antihistaminic effect
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17
Q

what does an antiemetic do?

A

prevents vomiting

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18
Q

what does an antiarrhythmic do?

A

supresses abnormal rhythms

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19
Q

what can peripheral dialation lead to?

A

excessive heat loss

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20
Q

phenothiazapines DO NOT provide…

A

analgesia

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21
Q

what considerations in animals are more sensitive to phenothiazine effects? (2)

A
  1. older dogs

2. large breeds

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22
Q

what can phenothiazines cause in stalions?

A

penile prolapse

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23
Q

where are phenothiazines metabolized?

A

liver

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24
Q

how long are the effects of phenothiazines?

A

4 - 8 hours

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25
Q

what are some benzodiazepams? (4)

A
  1. diazepam
  2. midazolam
  3. zolazepam
  4. alprazolam
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26
Q

what is an anticonvulsant?

A

antiseizure medication

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27
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer may animals not respond to or become excited on?

A

phenothiazine

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28
Q

what schedule of control are benzodiazepams?

A

schedule IV

29
Q

this benzodiazepams has a short duration?

A

diazepam

30
Q

which drug can diazepam be mixed with?

A

ketamine

31
Q

why is diazepam NOT compatible with other drugs?

A

solution is not water soluble

32
Q

how is diazepam administered?

A

IV only, give slowly

33
Q

what can diazepam be used for with cats?(2)

A
  1. appetite stimulate

2. relieve anxiety

34
Q

how are benzodiazepams metabolized by cats?

A

slowly, by the liver

35
Q

how are benzodiazepams metabolized by dogs?

A

fast, by the liver

36
Q

how can the effects of benzodiazepams be reversed?

A

antagonist flumazenil

37
Q

what is special about midazolam?

A

water soluble and can be mized with other durgs IM

38
Q

what are some examples of alpha 2 agonist (3)

A
  1. zylazine
  2. detomidine
  3. dexmedetomidine
39
Q

which agonist is not used most ofte?

why?

A

xylazine

will make cats vomit

40
Q

when would you not want to use alpha 2 agonists?

A

if cardiovascular system is impaired

41
Q

what can the labled dose of alpha 2 agonist cause

A

pre anesthetic depression

42
Q

what kind of large animals are sensitive to alpha 2 agonists?

A

ruminants

43
Q

where are alpha 2 agonist metabolized?

A

liver

44
Q

what are the alpha 2 antagonist?

A
  1. yobine

2. antisedan

45
Q

what tranquilized may panting be observed?

A

opioids (normal response)

46
Q

what are some opiods? (7)

A
  1. morphine
  2. fentanyl
  3. hydromorphone
  4. oxymorphone
  5. meperedine
  6. buprenorphine
  7. butorphenol
47
Q

what are the effects of opiods? (4)

A
  1. CNS depression
  2. analgesia
  3. vomiting and defecating followed by constipation
  4. respiratory depression at high doses
48
Q

neuroleptanalgesia is…

A

opioids mixed with another tranquilizer/sedtive to provide better sedation

49
Q

what noises do animal respond to with opioids?

A

loud metalic noise

50
Q

which tranquilizer/sedative will have a slow onset with long duration?

A

phenothiazine

51
Q

which opioid can cause malignant hypothermia?

A

hydromorphone

52
Q

which species tent to react to opiods?

A

cats

53
Q

which opioids are the best for cats? (3)

A
  1. fentanyl
  2. bupe
  3. butorphanol
54
Q

what is the purpose of NSAIDs as a preanesthetic drug?

A

provides pain relief during sugical procedure

55
Q

what are some commonly used NSAIDs? (2)

A
  1. carprofen - rimadyl

2. meloxicam - metacam

56
Q

what are the concerns with using an NSAID as a pre anesthetic? (2)

A
  1. toxic to kidney due to blood pressure

2. interfere with prostaglandin that helps control blood pressure

57
Q

what are the effects of alpha 2 agonist? (6)

A
  1. CNS depression
  2. muscle relaxation
  3. analgesia
  4. CV depression
  5. respiratory depression
  6. vomiting
58
Q

what are the effects of the benzodiazepams?

A
  1. CNS depression
  2. anticonvulsant
  3. muscle relaxant
59
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can be used as an anticonvulsant?

A

benzodiazepam

60
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can be a muscle relaxant?

A
  1. benzodiazepam

2. alpha 2 agonist

61
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer is an analgesic?

A
  1. opioids

2. alpha 2 agonist

62
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can cause vomiting and deficating followed by constipation?

A

opioids

63
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can cause resp. depression at high doses?

A

opiods

64
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can cause respiratory and CV depression?

A

alpha 2 agonist

65
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can be used as an antiemetic?

A

phenothiazines

66
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can be an antiarrhythmic?

A

phenothiazines

67
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can cause peripheral vasodilation?

A

phenothiazines

68
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can lower seizure threshold?

A

phenothiazines

69
Q

which sedative/tranquilizer can have an antihistaminic effect?

A

phenothiazines

Anesthesiology (8 decks)

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