local anesthesia

Question 1

local anesthsia is…

Answer 1

loss of pain sensation and movement in an area of the body due to blockage of nerve conduction

Question 2

how does local anesthisia work?

Answer 2

interferes with movement of sodium ions across neuronal cell membranes

Question 3

when is local anesthesia used?

Answer 3

Minor surgical procedures that don’t require

general anesthetic

Question 4

what is important when considering local anestheisa?

Answer 4

Animals temperament

Question 5

what does local anesthetics interfere in the body?

Answer 5

transmission of nerve impulse along nerve fibers

Question 6

what are the two groups of local anesthetic dugs?

Answer 6

1. esters

2. amides

Question 7

what are some examples of esters? (4)

Answer 7

1. Cocaine
2. Procaine
3. Chlorprocaine
4. Proparacaine

Question 8

how are esters metabolized?

Answer 8

rapidly metabolized by enzyme in blood

Question 9

which group of local anesthetics are not popular in veterinary medicine?

Answer 9

esters

Question 10

which ester is used in opthalmic solution?

Answer 10

Tetracaine (proparacain)

Question 11

how long are the effects of esters?

Answer 11

short duration

Question 12

what are some examples of amides?

Answer 12

1. Lidocaine
2. Mepivacaine
3. Bupivacaine

Question 13

where are amides metabolized?

Answer 13

liver

Question 14

which amide is more popular?

Answer 14

lidocaine

Question 15

which ester is lidocain 2x more potent then?

Answer 15

procaine

Question 16

how quick is the onset of lidocain?

Answer 16

rapid

Question 17

how long are the effects of lidocain?

Answer 17

1 ½ - 2 hrs.

Question 18

what can lidocain be used to help treat?

Answer 18

dysrhythmias (w/o epi)

Question 19

which amide is commonly used for horse nerve block?

Answer 19

Mepivacaine

Question 20

which amide is mepivacain less irritating than?

Answer 20

lidocain

Question 21

how quick is the onset of mepivacain?

Answer 21

rapid

Question 22

how long is the effect of mepivacain?

Answer 22

1 ½-3 hrs.

Question 23

how potent is mepivacain?

Answer 23

2 ½ X’s as potent

Question 24

which amide is used for prolonged analgesia?

Answer 24

Bupivacaine

Question 25

how potent is bupivacain over procain?

Answer 25

8-10 times more potet

Question 26

how quick is the onset of bupivacain?

Answer 26

slow (15-30 minutes)

Question 27

how long are the effects of bupivacain?

Answer 27

4-6 hours

Question 28

what are some adverse effects of local anesthetics?

Answer 28

1. Tissue irritation 2. Allergic reaction 3. Nerve trauma 4. Respiratory paralysis, sympathetic blockade w/ epidural injecitons 5. Systemic toxicity

Question 29

what nerve trauma can happen with local anesthetics?

Answer 29

temporary or permanent loss of function

Question 30

what signs can be seen with a sympathetic blockade caused by local anesthetics ?

Answer 30

decreased HR, BP, CO

Question 31

what signs are seen with systemic toxcity caused by overdose of local anesthetics?

Answer 31

1. muscle twitching 2. sedation or hyperexcitability 3. convulsions 4. respiratory depression

Question 32

which species are most sensitive to lidocain? (3)

Answer 32

Goats, sheep, and cat

Question 33

what is the toxic dose of lidocain in cats?

Answer 33

8-10 mg/kg

Question 34

what are the specific techniques for localized anesthesia? (3)

Answer 34

1. topical 2. Localized infiltration 3. Regional injection

Question 35

what are the types of localized infiltration?

Answer 35

1. Line block | 2. Nerve block

Question 36

what are the types of regional injection?

Answer 36

1. epidural block | 2. Paravertebral block