anesthetic procedures Flashcards
what is the concern with most anesthetics agents?
narrow therapeutic index
what systems can anestheics have a negative effect on.
cardiovascular and respiratory systems
what is a narrow therapeutic index?
the dose of the drug needed to produce the desired effect is very close to the toxic dose
Anesthesia is…
loss of sensation
reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation, and loss of sensation throughout the body produced by administration of anesthetic agents
Sedation is…
drug-induced CNS depression and drowsiness
Tranquilization is…
drug-induced state of calm in which the patient is reluctant to move and is aware of but unconcerned about its surroundings
General anesthesia is…
reversible state of unconsciousness, immobility, muscle relaxation, and loss of sensation throughout the body produced by administration of anesthetic agents
Hypnosis is…
Drug induced sleep like state which an animal can be arroused
Narcosis is…
Drug induced sleep like state which and animal cannot be arroused
Surgical anesthesia–
stage of general anesthesia in which there is sufficient analgesia and muscle relaxation to allow surgery to be performed without patient pain or movement
Local anesthesia is…
loss of sensation in a small area of the body produced by administration of a local anesthetic agent in proximity to the area of interest
Balanced anesthesia is…
the concurrent use of multiple anesthetic agents in small quantities to minimize their negative effect
what are the procedures of general anesthesia? (7)
Preanesthetic evaluation Patient preparation Preanesthetic administration Anesthetic induction Endotracheal intubation Maintenance of anesthesia Recovery of patient
what is the purpose of the preanesthetic evaluation? (2)
- identify factors that might lead to anesthetic complications
- to select an appropriate anesthetic protocol
Signalment is…
description of the animal
what are the parts of the signalment?
species
Age
breed
why is knowing the species important for the preanesthetic evaluation?
Differences in response, size, temperament
- morphine causing excitement in cats vs. dogs
- xylazine having pronounced effect on cattle, causing vomiting in small animals
- no IV anesthetic to dangerous animals
why is knowing the age important for the preanesthetic evaluation?
Physiologic differences in pediatric and geriatric patients
- animals < 3 months old lack fully functional metabolic systems
- older animals may have decreased metabolic/excretory function due to liver/kidney disease
why is knowing the breed important for the preanesthetic evaluation?
Physiologic and anatomic differences
- Sight hounds (Greyhound, Irish Wolfhound, Whippet) very sensitive to barbiturate anesthetics
- Brachycephalic dogs ( Bulldogs, Boxers) obstruction of respiratory airway:
collapsing external nares
enlarged tonsils
elongated soft palate
small tracheal diameter
when should a patient start getting blood work?
7-8 years
what infomation should be collected for medical history? (3)
past or current medical problems Preexisting disease General signs of illness Change in behavior Seizures or fainting Exercise intolerance
what are the components to the preanesthetic evaluation?
Signalment
Medical history
Physical examination
Laboratory evaluation
what part of the patient should get special attention during and anesthetic procedure?
organ systems
what is the purpose of laboratory evaluation? (2)
- Reveals subclinical abnormalities
2. Helps determine whether abnormalities detected on physical exam are significant
