Exam 2 (Inhalant Anesthetics)

Question 1

What is the benefit of Inhalant anesthetics over injectable?

Answer 1

Fewer adverse effects

Question 2

How are inhalant anesthetics safer over injectable?

Answer 2

Anesthetic effect can be more easily controlled

Question 3

how does the administration of anesthetics occur?

Answer 3

O2 picks up anesthetic molecules creating a fresh gas mixture

Question 4

what are the factors that can affect the uptake of inhalant anesthetics? (4)

Answer 4

1. Anesthetic concentration of inhaled gas
2. Degree of alveolar ventilation
3. Cardiac output
4. Abnormal alveoli

Question 5

what is the degree of alveolar ventilation?

Answer 5

the amount of gas anesthesia molecule getting to all the alveloli

Question 6

what can affect the degree of alveolar ventilation?

Answer 6

If the respitation are small not all the alveoli are getting fresh gas mixture

Question 7

how can cardiac output effect anesthetic uptake?

Answer 7

Increase HR could cause lack of absorption of the fresh gas mixture at the alveloi capillary membrane

Question 8

how can abnormal alveoli affect anesthetic uptake?

Answer 8

Gas exchage may not happen accurately

Question 9

what need to happen to the anesthetics in the blood before it can reach the CNS?

Answer 9

must achieve a threshhold concentration

Question 10

Blood:gas partition/solubility coefficient is…

Answer 10

Measure of how soluble the gas anesthetics are in the blood

Question 11

what is the order of most soluble to least soluble?

Answer 11

1. Methoxyflurane
2. Halothane
3. Isoflurane
4. Sevoflurane
5. Nitrous Oxide

Question 12

when an anesthetic is more soluble how does that effect the blood saturation?

Answer 12

you will need more anesthetic to reach concentration needed to make it to CNS

Question 13

Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)

Answer 13

Defined as the lowest concentration of an anesthetic agent that produces no painful response to painful stimuli in 50% of anesthetized patients

Question 14

Nitrous Oxide

Answer 14

118% cannot provide provide a no pain respone

Question 15

Sevoflurane MAC

Answer 15

Sevoflurane 2.36%

Question 16

Isoflurane MAC

Answer 16

1.2%

Question 17

Halothane MAC

Answer 17

0.87%

Question 18

methoxyflurane MAC

Answer 18

0.23%

Question 19

what level of analgesia does Nitrous Oxide provide?

Answer 19

mild

Question 20

what level of analgesia does Sevoflurane provide?

Answer 20

moderate

Question 21

what level of analgesia does Isoflurane provide?

Answer 21

moderate

Question 22

what level of analgesia does methoxyflurane provide?

Answer 22

good

Question 23

what level of analgesia does Halothane provide?

Answer 23

moderate

Question 24

what level of muscle relaxation does Halothane provide?

Answer 24

moderate

Question 25

what level of muscle relaxation does methoxyflurane provide?

Answer 25

good

Question 26

what level of muscle relaxation does isoflurane provide?

Answer 26

moderate

Question 27

what level of muscle relaxation does sevoflurane provide?

Answer 27

moderate

Question 28

what level of muscle relaxation does nitrous oxide provide?

Answer 28

none

Question 29

which inhalant anesthetics is cardiovascular depression a concern? (4)

Answer 29

methoxyflurane halothane sevoflurane isoflurane

Question 30

which inhalant anesthetics is respiratory depression a concern? (4)

Answer 30

methoxyflurane halothane sevoflurane isoflurane

Question 31

what is the percentage of metabolism of methoxyflurane and where does it occur?

Answer 31

50% | liver

Question 32

what is the percentage of metabolism of halothane and where does it occur?

Answer 32

20% | liver

Question 33

what is the percentage of metabolism of sevoflurane and where does it occur?

Answer 33

3% | in body

Question 34

what is the percentage of metabolism of isoflurane and where does it occur?

Answer 34

1% | in body

Question 35

what is the percentage of metabolism of nitrous oxide and where does it occur?

Answer 35

none

Question 36

which inhalant anesthetic is rubber soluble?

Answer 36

halothane

Question 37

which inhalant anesthetic is not used in large animals?

Answer 37

methoxyflurane

Question 38

which inhalant anesthetic is most popular?

Answer 38

isoflurane

Question 39

which inhalant anesthetic is the newest inhalant and is less pungent?

Answer 39

sevoflurane

Question 40

which inhalant anesthetic should have oxygen administered after administration?

Answer 40

nitrous oxide

Question 41

what is the induction and maintenance rate of halothane?

Answer 41

Induction 2-3 | Maintenance 1.25-2

Question 42

what is the induction and maintenance rate of methoxyflurane?

Answer 42

Induction 2-3 | Maintenance 0.2-1

Question 43

what is the induction and maintenance rate of isoflurane?

Answer 43

Induction 3-4 | Maintenance 1.5-2.5

Question 44

what is the induction and maintenance rate of sevoflurane?

Answer 44

Induction 4-5 | Maintenance 2.5-3.5

Question 45

what is the rate of nitrous oxide?

Answer 45

2 times calculated oxygen flow rate

Question 46

which inhalant anesthetic can be toxic to the liver?

Answer 46

Halothane

Question 47

which inhalant anesthetic can be toxic to the kidney?

Answer 47

Methoxyflurane

Question 48

what is diffusion hypoxia?

Answer 48

all of the nitrous oxide filling up the alveoli and leaving no room

Question 49

what is the purpose of administering oxygen after having administered nitrous oxide?

Answer 49

to avoid diffusion hypoxia

Question 50

what are some health hazards of waste anesthetic gases? (6)

Answer 50

1. Headache 2. Nausea 3. Fatigue 4. Irritability 5. Pruritis 6. Abortion

Question 51

how can anesthetic wastes be avoided?

Answer 51

1. Keep the vaporizer turned off until the animal is connected 2. Empty the rebreathing bag before disconnecting the animal 3. Leave the animal connected after the vaporizer is turned off 4. Keep the recovery area well ventilated Refill the vaporizers at the end of the day