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Anesthesiology > Exam 2 (Inhalant Anesthetics) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Inhalant Anesthetics) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the benefit of Inhalant anesthetics over injectable?

A

Fewer adverse effects

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2
Q

How are inhalant anesthetics safer over injectable?

A

Anesthetic effect can be more easily controlled

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3
Q

how does the administration of anesthetics occur?

A

O2 picks up anesthetic molecules creating a fresh gas mixture

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4
Q

what are the factors that can affect the uptake of inhalant anesthetics? (4)

A
  1. Anesthetic concentration of inhaled gas
  2. Degree of alveolar ventilation
  3. Cardiac output
  4. Abnormal alveoli
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5
Q

what is the degree of alveolar ventilation?

A

the amount of gas anesthesia molecule getting to all the alveloli

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6
Q

what can affect the degree of alveolar ventilation?

A

If the respitation are small not all the alveoli are getting fresh gas mixture

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7
Q

how can cardiac output effect anesthetic uptake?

A

Increase HR could cause lack of absorption of the fresh gas mixture at the alveloi capillary membrane

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8
Q

how can abnormal alveoli affect anesthetic uptake?

A

Gas exchage may not happen accurately

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9
Q

what need to happen to the anesthetics in the blood before it can reach the CNS?

A

must achieve a threshhold concentration

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10
Q

Blood:gas partition/solubility coefficient is…

A

Measure of how soluble the gas anesthetics are in the blood

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11
Q

what is the order of most soluble to least soluble?

A
  1. Methoxyflurane
  2. Halothane
  3. Isoflurane
  4. Sevoflurane
  5. Nitrous Oxide
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12
Q

when an anesthetic is more soluble how does that effect the blood saturation?

A

you will need more anesthetic to reach concentration needed to make it to CNS

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13
Q

Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC)

A

Defined as the lowest concentration of an anesthetic agent that produces no painful response to painful stimuli in 50% of anesthetized patients

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14
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

118% cannot provide provide a no pain respone

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15
Q

Sevoflurane MAC

A

Sevoflurane 2.36%

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16
Q

Isoflurane MAC

A

1.2%

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17
Q

Halothane MAC

A

0.87%

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18
Q

methoxyflurane MAC

A

0.23%

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19
Q

what level of analgesia does Nitrous Oxide provide?

A

mild

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20
Q

what level of analgesia does Sevoflurane provide?

A

moderate

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21
Q

what level of analgesia does Isoflurane provide?

A

moderate

22
Q

what level of analgesia does methoxyflurane provide?

A

good

23
Q

what level of analgesia does Halothane provide?

A

moderate

24
Q

what level of muscle relaxation does Halothane provide?

A

moderate

25
Q

what level of muscle relaxation does methoxyflurane provide?

A

good

26
Q

what level of muscle relaxation does isoflurane provide?

A

moderate

27
Q

what level of muscle relaxation does sevoflurane provide?

A

moderate

28
Q

what level of muscle relaxation does nitrous oxide provide?

A

none

29
Q

which inhalant anesthetics is cardiovascular depression a concern? (4)

A

methoxyflurane
halothane
sevoflurane
isoflurane

30
Q

which inhalant anesthetics is respiratory depression a concern? (4)

A

methoxyflurane
halothane
sevoflurane
isoflurane

31
Q

what is the percentage of metabolism of methoxyflurane and where does it occur?

A

50%

liver

32
Q

what is the percentage of metabolism of halothane and where does it occur?

A

20%

liver

33
Q

what is the percentage of metabolism of sevoflurane and where does it occur?

A

3%

in body

34
Q

what is the percentage of metabolism of isoflurane and where does it occur?

A

1%

in body

35
Q

what is the percentage of metabolism of nitrous oxide and where does it occur?

A

none

36
Q

which inhalant anesthetic is rubber soluble?

A

halothane

37
Q

which inhalant anesthetic is not used in large animals?

A

methoxyflurane

38
Q

which inhalant anesthetic is most popular?

A

isoflurane

39
Q

which inhalant anesthetic is the newest inhalant and is less pungent?

A

sevoflurane

40
Q

which inhalant anesthetic should have oxygen administered after administration?

A

nitrous oxide

41
Q

what is the induction and maintenance rate of halothane?

A

Induction 2-3

Maintenance 1.25-2

42
Q

what is the induction and maintenance rate of methoxyflurane?

A

Induction 2-3

Maintenance 0.2-1

43
Q

what is the induction and maintenance rate of isoflurane?

A

Induction 3-4

Maintenance 1.5-2.5

44
Q

what is the induction and maintenance rate of sevoflurane?

A

Induction 4-5

Maintenance 2.5-3.5

45
Q

what is the rate of nitrous oxide?

A

2 times calculated oxygen flow rate

46
Q

which inhalant anesthetic can be toxic to the liver?

A

Halothane

47
Q

which inhalant anesthetic can be toxic to the kidney?

A

Methoxyflurane

48
Q

what is diffusion hypoxia?

A

all of the nitrous oxide filling up the alveoli and leaving no room

49
Q

what is the purpose of administering oxygen after having administered nitrous oxide?

A

to avoid diffusion hypoxia

50
Q

what are some health hazards of waste anesthetic gases? (6)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Nausea
  3. Fatigue
  4. Irritability
  5. Pruritis
  6. Abortion
51
Q

how can anesthetic wastes be avoided?

A
  1. Keep the vaporizer turned off until the animal is connected
  2. Empty the rebreathing bag before disconnecting the animal
  3. Leave the animal connected after the vaporizer is turned off
  4. Keep the recovery area well ventilated
    Refill the vaporizers at the end of the day

Anesthesiology (8 decks)

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