Pre And Post 1919 Construction Flashcards
what where some common materials used for floor finishes pre 1919?
constructed from earth or concrete slab and finished with stone slabs, clay tiles or where gypsum was in high supplu plaster was used.
When where floorboard used?
during and after the victorian period as wood production became much more narrower and uniform in size.
What is a suspended timber floor used for?
To provide ventilation, dry and free of rot and insect attack.
How where solid walls constructed and what with? pre 1919
Made with locally sourced stone, with a single skin up to 1 metre in depth.
What was mass masonry walls built with? pre 1919
built with brick or stone with a lime or clay mortar, up until the victorian period it was common to cover walls with lime for added protection.
How were heavy timber framed buildings infilled? pre 1919
the infill panels where made of lime and mud based daub applied into thin wooden slats or woven sticks called wattle.
How was lime plaster applied?
Applied onto sawn timber laths nailed to the timer frame.
What are some traditional pre 1919 roof materials?
roof coverings reflected the local materials including thatch, stone, tiles, clay tiles and slate.
what where windows made with pre 1919?
made of oak up until the mid 18th century where painted softwood then became popular. casement windows where also made of metal strips to hold the glass panes together.
What where chimneys made of pre 1919?
cjimney pots were popular from the victorian period onwards and where almost always made of clay.
what was stone and slate used for in pre 1919 construction?
stones were commonly used for external and internal load bearing walls.
both stone ans slate was used as a roofing material,
what was Timber used for in pre 1919 construction?
timber framed houses are most commonly found in the east of wales, these tend to use oak, timber would also be used to construct non load bearing walls.
what was lime used for in pre 1919 construction?
lime was used as a mortar (cement) for bricks or stone. external render and internal plaster was also lime based.
Lime was used as it was vapor permeable so it allowed water to enter and exit the wall easily.
In the past lime was also used as a plasterciser for cement
how are traditional buildings waterproofed?
they rely on the thickness of the wall to prevent the water reaching the inside, the lime also helps to protect the wall structure.
what are some benifits of traditional lime based mortar?
- attracts water out of stone and timbers.
- it is relatively flexible and self healing making it less likely to crack.
- has a lower carbon footprint.
what are wooden lintels used for?
These can be found pre 1919 above doorway openings or windows
What are some problems with wooden lintels.
these can rot and decay over years causing unsafe conditions.
where was copper used pre 1919 construction?
Copper was used in pre 1919 as a roof covering to show high status.
what was lead used for in pre 1919 construction?
early plumbing used lead until it was discovered it was poisonus.
how where materials transported pre 1919?
mostly horse and cart or canal.
what was sand used for in pre 1919 construction?
Sand was used in mortar as it prevents voids that can cause shrinkage and result in cracks.
what was Cement used for in pre 1919 construction?
to fill the voids between the sand, to bind the bricks together and as a finish to the walls.
How was glass made pre 1919 construction?
glass was handblown until mechanised rolling was developed.
what was flint used for in pre 1919 construction?
as a finish to the outside of buildings, this is good as it is a hard stone.
Where is a DPM installed?
Between the hard earth and concrete slab
What does DPM stand for?
Damp Proof Membrane.
What are cavity walls used for?
To stop dampness and allow insulation to be installed.
What was pre 1919 consumer units made of?
Mostly made from glass, wood and porcelain.
What did the first power distribution board use?
Copper rods wrapped in rope and placed in rigid pipes
Where was the first insulating material for cable?
Rope twine weaved around the copper.
What was the first electrical conduit called and how did it work?
Slip conduit and it worked like the new conlock.
What was the first electric products made with?
Bakelite which was a plastic.
When was the new cable colours bought in?
May 2004 and was made compulsory in 2006.
