Pragmatics

Question 1

definition of pragmatics

Answer 1

the how: the use and meaning of language in context dependent on speakers pre-existing knowledge and intention

Question 2

examples of pragmatics

Answer 2

conversation turns
presuppositions
speech acts
politeness
comedy

Question 3

semantics definition

Answer 3

study of meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, sentences

the what!

Question 4

2 types of semantics

Answer 4

logical semantics

lexical semantics

Question 5

logical semantics definition

Answer 5

study of sense and reference:

pressupossition and imlementation

Question 6

lexical semantics definition

Answer 6

study of words meaning and relation to each other

Question 7

what are the 3 types of meaning

Answer 7

referential; the person/object/thing to which is being referred

social; convey information about speakers identity (social class, ethnicity, etc)

affective; expression of emotion/attitude of the speaker towards something with the same referential meaning

Question 8

sentence vs an utterance

Answer 8

sentence is a complte word flow whereas an utterance is just a representation of an expression or vocal sound in the written language (more general)

Question 9

what are meaning exetensions

Answer 9

metaphors, metonymy, synechode

Question 10

define a metonomy and a synechode

Answer 10

metonmy; figure of speech where an attribute associated with a feature is used to name it (the law=police)

synechdoche: when a part of something is used to refer to the whole;( the hand in marriage)

Question 11

what types of context is there? distinguish/describe

Answer 11

1. situational context: what speakers know about immediate physical co-presence/environment
2. background knowledge: what speakers know about each other/world (cultural and intrapersonal knowledge)
3. contextual context: what speakers know about what they have been saying

Question 12

define deixis

Answer 12

words/phrases that can’t be understood without additional context information such as person, place and time

Question 13

what are the two types of pragmatic strategies?

Answer 13

1. sociocultural strategies: sociocultural norms that govern behaviour
2. language strategies: grammar, vocav, etc.

Question 14

how do pragmatic strategies work together

Answer 14

they are a set of rules that convey and allow for the interpretation of the proper meaning of a communicatve act in different contexts: i.e. apologies, complaints, thanks, etc.

Question 15

ethnocentrism?

Answer 15

to judge others of another group by values of our own which costers cross cultural confusion/conflict