Practicle #2

Question 1

Chlorophyta

Answer 1

• contains chlorophyll b
• have thylakoids that stack into grana
• includes green algae
• two sister groups: chlorophytes and streptophytes

Question 2

Land Plants

Answer 2

• sporophyte and gametophyte generations
• have cuticle: protective layer, protects the epidermis (outermost layer of cells), prevent water loss

Question 3

Antheridium

Answer 3

Produces sperm in land plants.

Question 4

Archeogonium

Answer 4

Contains the egg in land plants.

Question 5

Stomata

Answer 5

Regulate gas exchange, guard cells increase/decrease size of opening, in all land plants except liverworts.

Question 6

3 Non-vascular Plants

Answer 6

Moss, liverwort, hornwort.

Question 7

Liverworts

Answer 7

Do not have stomata, two main forms (leafy and thallose).

Question 8

Hornworts

Answer 8

Have stomata, thallus-like gametophyte.

Question 9

Mosses

Answer 9

Most diverse non-vascular plant, “peat moss” chemically modifies the envireonment by making water acidic.

Question 10

Vascular Land Plant apomorphies

Answer 10

• Independent, dominant sporophyte (made of diploid cells)
• Grow in larger/dryer places
• Parts: vascular tissues (xylem/phloem), roots, fibers, lignin in cells, shoot system

Question 11

Xylem and Phloem

Answer 11

Carry water and nutrients through the plant.

Question 12

Roots

Answer 12

Anchor plant and get water and nutrients.

Structure: apical meristem, rootcap, root hairs, centeral vascular tissue.

Question 13

Fibers

Answer 13

Thin elongated cells within lignin provide support.

Question 14

Lignin in Cells

Answer 14

Provides structural support to plant cell wall.

Question 15

Shoot system

Answer 15

Has sporophytic leaves.

Question 16

Epidermis

Answer 16

Outtermost layer of a plant cell covered by cuticle.

Question 17

Stramenopiles

Answer 17

Minute, tubular hairs typically occurring along flagellum.

Question 18

Oomycetes (water molds)

Answer 18

• can cause serious plant diseases (ex. mildew, potato blight)
• reproductive structure: zoosporangia (asexual), oogonia (sexual)

Question 19

Chromobionta (brown plants)

Answer 19

• photosyntheic, presence of chlorphyll c and caroteniods

ex. green algae, golden agae, brown algae, diatoms

Question 20

Diatoms

Answer 20

• Primary produces
• Ornate cell walls composed of silica
• Shapes: centric (circle), pennate (rod-shape)

Question 21

Red Algae

Answer 21

• absence of motile cells
• contain chlorphyll d
• contain phycobilins: water-soluble photosynthetic pigments

Question 22

Fungal Form and Function

Answer 22

• multicellular, chemoheterotrophic
• call wall made of chitin
• tubular cells linked together form hyphae
• feel by secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing the digested food products

Question 23

Motile fungi

Answer 23

Chytrids.

Question 24

Non-motile fungi

Answer 24

Zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomygetes.