Practicle #2 Flashcards
Chlorophyta
- contains chlorophyll b
- have thylakoids that stack into grana
- includes green algae
- two sister groups: chlorophytes and streptophytes
Land Plants
- sporophyte and gametophyte generations
- have cuticle: protective layer, protects the epidermis (outermost layer of cells), prevent water loss
Antheridium
Produces sperm in land plants.
Archeogonium
Contains the egg in land plants.
Stomata
Regulate gas exchange, guard cells increase/decrease size of opening, in all land plants except liverworts.
3 Non-vascular Plants
Moss, liverwort, hornwort.
Liverworts
Do not have stomata, two main forms (leafy and thallose).
Hornworts
Have stomata, thallus-like gametophyte.
Mosses
Most diverse non-vascular plant, “peat moss” chemically modifies the envireonment by making water acidic.
Vascular Land Plant apomorphies
- Independent, dominant sporophyte (made of diploid cells)
- Grow in larger/dryer places
- Parts: vascular tissues (xylem/phloem), roots, fibers, lignin in cells, shoot system
Xylem and Phloem
Carry water and nutrients through the plant.
Roots
Anchor plant and get water and nutrients.
Structure: apical meristem, rootcap, root hairs, centeral vascular tissue.
Fibers
Thin elongated cells within lignin provide support.
Lignin in Cells
Provides structural support to plant cell wall.
Shoot system
Has sporophytic leaves.
Epidermis
Outtermost layer of a plant cell covered by cuticle.
Stramenopiles
Minute, tubular hairs typically occurring along flagellum.
Oomycetes (water molds)
- can cause serious plant diseases (ex. mildew, potato blight)
- reproductive structure: zoosporangia (asexual), oogonia (sexual)
Chromobionta (brown plants)
- photosyntheic, presence of chlorphyll c and caroteniods
ex. green algae, golden agae, brown algae, diatoms
Diatoms
- Primary produces
- Ornate cell walls composed of silica
- Shapes: centric (circle), pennate (rod-shape)
Red Algae
- absence of motile cells
- contain chlorphyll d
- contain phycobilins: water-soluble photosynthetic pigments
Fungal Form and Function
- multicellular, chemoheterotrophic
- call wall made of chitin
- tubular cells linked together form hyphae
- feel by secreting digestive enzymes and absorbing the digested food products
Motile fungi
Chytrids.
Non-motile fungi
Zygomycetes, glomeromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomygetes.
