Practice (words and basic sentences). Flashcards
‘Family.’
Kazoku.
‘Friend.’
Tomodachi.
‘Grandmother.’
Obaa-san (honorific).
Sobo (humble).
‘Grandfather.’
Ojii-san (honorific).
Sofu (humble).
‘Mother.’
Okaa-san (honorific).
Haha (humble).
‘Father.’
Otoo-san (honorific).
Chichi (humble).
‘Wife.’
Oku-san (honorific).
Tsuma (humble).
‘Husband.’
Goshujin (honorific).
Otto (humble).
‘Older brother.’
Onii-san (honorific).
Ani (humble).
‘Older sister.’
Onee-san (honorific).
Ane (humble).
‘Younger brother.’
Otooto-san (honorific).
Ototo (humble).
‘Younger sister.’
Imooto-san (honorific).
Imoto (humble).
‘Aunt.’
Oba-san (honorific).
Oba (humble).
‘Uncle.’
Oji-san (honorific).
Oji (humble).
‘Son.’
Musuko-san (honorific).
Musuko (humble).
‘Daughter.’
Ojoo-san (honorific).
Musume (humble).
‘Girlfriend.’
Kanojo.
‘Boyfriend.’
Kare.
When should you use family words?
1) Honorific when referring to another person’s family and your own family but not when in front of non-family members.
2) Humble should be used when referring to your own family when you are talking to (or in front of) non-family members.
‘Myself.’
Watashi.
‘You.’
Anata.
‘We.’
Watashitachi.
‘Woman.’
Onna no hito.
‘Man.’
Otoko no hito.
‘That person’ (away from conversation).
Ano hito.
‘Person.’
Hito.
‘Client’ (or customer).
Okyaku.
‘Both parents.’
Ryooshin.
‘One parent.’
Oya.
Sibling.’
Kyoodai.
‘Everyone.’
Minna-san (honorific).
Minna (humble).
‘Adult.’
Otona.
‘Work’ (noun).
Shigoto.
‘Engineer.’
Gijutsusha.
‘Doctor.’
Isha.
‘Police person’ (public).
Keikan.
‘Police person’ (community).
Omari wa.
‘Nurse.’
Kangofu.
‘Interpreter.’
Tsuuyaku.
‘Salaried employee.’
Sarariiman.
‘Civil servant.’
Koomuin.
‘Staff/personnel.’
Shokuin.
‘Office clerk.’
Jimuin.
‘Station employee.’
Eki in.
‘Shop assistant.’
Ten in.
‘Driver.’
Untenshu.
‘Company employee.’
Kaishan.
‘Student.’
Gakusei.
‘Teacher/instructor.’
Sensei (honorific).
Kyooshi (humble).
‘Bank staff.’
Ginkooin.
‘University student.’
Daigakusei.
‘Ears.’
Mimi.
‘Head.’
Atana.
‘Neck.’
Kubi.
‘Shoulder.’
Kata.
‘Chest.’
Mune.
‘Whole arm.’
Ude.
‘Hand.’
Te.
‘Stomach.’
Onaka.
‘Leg.’
Ashi.
‘Back.’
Senaka.
‘Bottom.’
(O)shiri.
‘Eye.’
Me.
‘Nose.’
Hana.
‘Mouth.’
Kuchi.
‘Throat.’
Nodo.
Ache or Pain - (sometimes ‘Ouch!’).
Itai.
‘Butterfly.’
Chuuchoo.
‘Dog.’
Iinu.
‘Rabbit.’
Usagi.
‘Fish.’
Sakana.
‘Cat.’
Neko.
‘Crocodile.’
Wani.
‘Camel.’
Rakuda.
‘Train’ - long distance.
Kisha.
‘Train’ - city transport.
Densha.
‘Bullet train.’
Shinkansen.
‘Express’ - this can be either bus or train.
Kyuuko.
‘Information.’
Annai (Amnai).
‘Subway.’
Chikatetsu.
‘Ticket office.’
Kippu uriba.
‘Ticket gate.’
Kaisatsukuchi
‘Ticket adjustment.’
Seisanjo.
‘Stand’ - waiting for a bus or a taxi.
Noriba.
‘Section’ - for selling or purchasing.
Uriba.
‘Taxi stand.’
Takushi noriba.
‘Bus stand/stop.’
Baasu noriba.
‘Taxi.’
Takushi.
‘Bus.’
Baasu.
‘Station’ - railway.
Eki.
‘Open.’
Eigyoochuu.
‘Closed.’
Kyuugyoochuu.
‘Preparing’ - to open or close.
Jumbichu.
‘Exit.’
Deguchi.
‘Entrance.’
Iriguchi.
‘Emergency exit.’
Hijooguchi.
‘Reception.’
Uketsuke.
‘Bathroom/restroom.’
(O)tearai.
‘Powder room.’
Kesho shitsu.
‘Push’ and ‘Pull.’
Osu and Hiku.
‘Ship’ (large or small).
Fune.
‘Boat’ (small mostly).
Booto.
‘Plane.’
‘Hikooki.’
‘This’ (pronoun) - close to speaker.
Kore.
‘That’ (pronoun) - close to listener.
Sore.
‘That there’ (pronoun) - away from conversation.
Are.
‘This’ (adjective) - close to speaker.
Kono.
‘That’ (adjective) - close to listener.
Sono.
‘That there’ (adjective) - away from conversation.
Ano.
Question words: who, what, when, where, what time, which, how, why.
Answer: dare, nan, itsu, doko, doo, nan(ji), dore, dooshite.
What is the difference between kore and kono? When should each be used?
1) Kore is a pronoun - as such it can be used in place of a subject (as the subject) of a sentence. In this case it is followed by a particle which indicates that the preceding information is the subject (for example, wa/ga/mo).
2) Kono is an adjective - as such it cannot be used in place of a subject (as the subject) of a sentence. In this case it is always followed by a noun as it is used to add detail (to describe the noun). After the noun a particle which indicates that the preceding information is the subject (for example, wa/ga/mo).
‘This is a pencil.’
Kore wa enpitsu desu.
‘This pencil, is mine.’
Kono enpitsu wa watashi no desu.
‘This is my pencil.’
Kore wa watashi no enpitsu desu.
What formula can be used to indicate a relationship (for example, belonging) between two pieces of information?
The formula (A “no” B) is used to indicate a relationship (for example, belonging). The “no” particle is used in between the two pieces of information to indicate that there is a relationship between A and B.
For example, when we say watashi “no” kuruma - this indicates that the car is mine. Here, the “no” particle changes the meaning of watashi from myself to mine. The relationship is one of belonging.
‘Is this Jane’s coffee?’
Kore wa Jeen-san no koohii desuka.
‘This bicycle, is it John’s?’
Kono jitensha wa Jon-san no desuka.
‘That is John’s car.’
Sore wa Jon-san no kuruma desu.
Question - ‘Is this Jane’s book?’
Answer - ‘No, it is not Jane’s. This is John’s book.’
Question - ‘Kore wa Jeen-san no hon desuka.’
Answer - ‘Iie Jeen-san no ja arimasen. Kore wa Jon-san no hon desu.’
‘Whose car is this?’
Kore wa dare no kuruma desuka.
‘This car, whose is it?’
Kono kuruma wa dare no desuka.
‘Whose coffee is that?’
Sore wa dare no koohii desuka.
Question - ‘Whose is this book?’
Response(1) - ‘This book is mine.’
Response(2) - ‘This is my book.’
Response (3) - ‘It is mine.’
Question - Kore wa dare no hon desuka.
Response(1) - Kono hon wa watashi no desu.
Response(2) - Kore wa watashi no hon desu.
Response(3) - Watashi no desu.
‘The bathroom, where is it?’
(O)tearai wa doko desuka.
‘Your country, where is it?’
(O)kuni wa doko desuka.
‘The party, where is it?’
Paati wa doko desuka.
How does pairing the “where” question word (doko) with the linking particle “no” affect it’s meaning?
The combination of doko and “no” changes the meaning of the question word from where to where from. This is useful for inquiring about brands, country of origin etc.
‘What brand is that computer?’
Sore wa doko no konpyuuta desuka.
‘That is an HP computer.’
Sore wa HP no konpyuuta desu.
‘Where is this necktie from?’
Kore wa doko no nekutai desuka.
Question - ‘This necktie, where is it from?’
Response - ‘This is an Italian necktie.’
Question - Kono nekutai wa doko no desuka.
Response - Kore wa Itaria no nekutai desu.
How does pairing the “what” question word (nan) with the linking particle “no” affect it’s meaning?
The combination of nan and “no” changes the meaning of the question word from what to what type. This is useful for asking for more detail about an object.
‘What is this?’
Kore wa nan desuka.
‘What is that?’
Sore wa nan desuka.
‘What time is it now?’
Ima nan(ji) desuka.
‘What type of book is that?’
Sore wa nan no hon desuka.
‘This book, what type is it?’
Kono hon wa nan no desuka.
Question - ‘What type of magazine is this?’
Response - ‘This is a car magazine.’
Question - Kore wa nan no zasshi desuka.
Response - ‘Kore wa kuruma no zasshi desu.
‘Which is John’s coffee?’
Dore wa Jon-san no koohii desuka.
‘Which is Jane’s apple?’
Dore wa Jeen-san no ringoo desuka.
‘The party, when is it?’ .
Paati wa itsu desuka.
‘Your birthday, when is it?’
Anata no tanjoobi wa itsu desuka.
‘Whose’ - question word inquiring about belonging of an object.
Dare + no (particle).
For example, Kore wa dare no koohii desuka (whose coffee is this?).
‘What type?’ - question phrase asking for type or detail of an object.
Nan + no (particle).
For example, Kore wa nan no zasshi desuka (what type is this magazine?).
‘Where from/What brand?’ - question phrase inquiring as to where something is made (for example, brand name or country).
Doko + no (particle).
For example, Kore wa doko no kuruma desuka (what brand car is this?).
How does pairing the “who” question word (dare) and the linking particle “no” affect it’s meaning?
The combination of dare and “no” changes the meaning of the question word from who to whose. This is useful for asking about belonging.
‘What type.’
Donna.
‘How.’
Doo.
‘Why.’
Dooshite (or Nande/Naze - but those are too familiar).
‘How is it?’
Doo desuka.
‘Your umbrella, which is it?
Anata no kasa dore desuka.
‘Last night’s party how was it?’
Kinoo no ban no paati wa doo deshitaka.
‘How was it?’
Doo deshitaka.
‘Your friend, is what type of person?
Anata no tomodachi wa donna hito desuka.
‘My friend is a nice person and is very kind.’
Watashi no tomodachi wa suteki na hito desu. Soshite totemo shinsetsu desu.
Q) ‘That techo, how is it?’
A) Very convenient.
Q) Sono techo doo desuka.
A) Totemo benri desu.
‘Organiser.’
Techoo.
‘Australia’ and ‘Australian’.
Oosutoraria and Oosutoraria(jin).
‘Japan’ and ‘Japanese’.
Nihon and Nihon(jin).
‘China’ and ‘Chinese’.
Chuugoku and Chuugoku(jin).
‘Germany’ and ‘German’.
Doitsu and Doitsu(jin).
‘England’ and ‘English’.
Irigisu and Irigisu(jin).
‘France’ and ‘French’.
Furansu and Furansu(jin).
‘America’ and ‘American’.
Amerika and Amerika(jin).
‘Korea’ and ‘Korean’.
Kankoku and Kankoku(jin).
‘School.’
Gakkoo.
‘University.’
Daigaku.
‘Traditional Inn.’
Ryookan.
‘Bed and Breakfast.’
Minshuku.
‘Hospital.’
Byooin.
‘Hairdresser.’
Biyooin.
‘Supermarket.’
Suupa.
‘Department store.’
Depaato.
‘Room.’
Heya.
‘Here’ - close to speaker.
Koko.
‘There’ - away from speaker.
Soko.
‘Bank.’
Ginko.
‘Over there’ - far away from speaker.
Asoko.
‘Brazil’ and ‘Brazilian’.
Burajiru and Burajiru(jin).
‘Meeting.’
Kaigi.
‘Work’ (noun).
Shigoto.
‘Movies.’
Eiga.
‘House.’
Kasuri.
‘Post office.’
Yuubinyoku.
‘Factory.’
Koojoo.
‘Italy’ and ‘Italian.’
Itaria and Itaria(jin).
‘Park.’
Kooen.
‘Bar.’
Baa.
‘Place’ (or ‘Location’).
Basho.
‘Left.’
Hidari.
‘Right.’
Migi.
‘Art gallery.’
Biijutsukan.
‘Restaurant.’
Resutoran.
‘Home.’
Uchi.
‘Library.’
Toshokan.
‘Airport.’
Kuukoo.
‘Street.’
Michi.
‘Mobile telephone.’
Kei tai denwa.
‘Cafe.’
Kissaten.
‘Company.’
Kaisha.
‘Place.’
Bashoo (or Tokoro).
‘Telephone.’
Denwa.
‘Number.’
Bango.
‘Perfume.’
Kosuui.
‘Flower.’
Hana.
‘Mountain.’
Yama.
‘TV.’
Terebi.
‘Note book.’
Nooto.
‘Chair.’
Isu.
‘Pencil.’
Enpitsu.
‘Tree.’
Ki.
‘Letter.’
Tegami.
‘Car.’
Kuruma.
‘Umbrella.’
Kasa.
‘Shoes.’
Kutsu.
‘Sky.’
Sora.
‘Desk.’
Tsukue.
‘Glue.’
Nori.
‘Eraser.’
Keshigomu.
‘Newspaper.’
Shinbun.
‘Bridge’ also ‘Chopstick.’
Hashi.
‘Soft toy.’
Nuigurumi.
‘Stars.’
Hoshi.
‘Bath.’
Turo.
‘History.’
Rekishi.
‘Candle.’
Roosoku.
‘Traditional mat floor.’
Tatami.
‘Card.’
Kaado.
‘Cigarette.’
Tabako.
‘Menu.’
Menyuu.
‘Escalator.’
Esukareeta.
‘Elevator.’
Erebeetaa.
‘Tape.’
Teepu.
‘Tape recorder.’
Teepu rekoodaa.
‘Letter.’
Tegami.
‘Map.’
Chizu.
‘Ball point pen.’
Boorupen.
‘Suitcase.’
Suutsukeesu.
‘Photo.’
Shasshin.
‘Newspaper.’
Shinbun.
‘Post card.’
Hakagi.
‘Magazine.’
Zasshi.
‘Book.’
Hon.
‘Dictionary.’
Jisho.
‘Stamp.’
Kitte.
‘Business card.’
Meishi.
‘Laptop.’
Nooto pasokan.
‘Calculator.’
Dentaku.
‘Telephone.’
Denwa.
‘Desk’ and ‘Chair.’
Tsukue and Isu.
‘Clock.’
Tokei.
‘Radio.’
Rajio.
‘TV.’
Terebi.
‘Key.’
Kagi.
‘Homework.’
Shukudai.
‘Necktie.’
Nekutai.
‘Umbrella.’
Kasa.
‘Bag.’
Kaban.
‘Weather.’
Tenki.
‘Black book’ (contains infomation, numbers, diary, addresses, accounts, planning etc).
Techoo.
‘Pencil case.’
Fudebako.
‘Phone card.’
Terehonkaado.
‘Photo.’
Shashin.
‘Present.’
Purezento.
‘Painting’ (or ‘Drawing’).
E.
‘Shoes.’
Kutsu.
‘Clothes.’
Fuku.
‘River.’
Kawa.
‘Trip’ (or travel).
Ryokoo.
‘About how much?’ - (time/ingredient etc.).
Dono kurai.
‘Anywhere’ (negative word).
Dokomo.
‘Anything’ (negative word).
Nanimo.
‘Nobody’ (negative word).
Daremo.
Right.
Migi.
Left.
Hidari.
Sofa.
Sofaa.
Refrigerator.
Reizooko.
Bathroom.
Furoba.
Dryer machine.
Kansooki.
Washing machine.
Sentakuki.
Key.
Kagi.
New year.
Oshoogatsu.
Animal.
Doobutsu.
Town.
Machi.
Rain.
Ame.
Zoo.
Doobutsuen.
Exam.
Shikan.
That shop.
Ano mise.
This shop.
Kono mise.
Practice.
Renshuu.
Festival.
Omatsuri.
Winter.
Fuyu.
Travel/excursion/trip.
Ryokoo.
Lifestyle.
Seikatsu.
Translate.
Yakushite.
Please - offering only.
Dozo.
Please - accepting only.
Domo.
