Particles and Items.

Question 1

Topic marker (general).

Answer 1

Wa.

Question 2

Topic marker (specific); object-emphasis (non-action); emphasis question word (or answer to question); conjunction (but).

Answer 2

Ga.

Question 3

Also/as well particle.

Answer 3

Mo.

Question 4

Question marker.

Answer 4

Ka.

Question 5

Right? (attaches “isn’t it?” or “is it?”).

Answer 5

Ne.

Question 6

Belonging/linking particle (relationship between two pieces of information).

Answer 6

No.

Question 7

Direct object marker (action statement).

Answer 7

O/Wo.

Question 8

Movement (towards) particle (directional); specific time (in/at/on); location marker (non-action statement).

Answer 8

Ni.

Question 9

What is the rule for using the time specific particle (ni)?

Answer 9

1) Following specific time information, in an action statement.

2) Where reference to time information is more general (expression of time) there is no need to use the particle.

3) When linked to an expression of time (A no B) used after the specific time information.

Question 10

Implement of action (including tools and mode of transport); location marker (action statement); number of people information.

Answer 10

De.

Question 11

Company (with) particle; listing (specific or exhaustive).

Answer 11

To (toh).

Question 12

Listing (general or non-exhaustive); implies etc.

Answer 12

Ya.

Question 13

From (starts from) particle. Also indicates that the preceding information is the start of a span of time, distance, travel route etc.

Answer 13

Kara.

Question 14

Until (goes to/until) particle. Also indicates that the preceding information is the end of a span of time, distance, travel route etc.

Answer 14

Made.

Question 15

Inserted at the end of statement. Adds “you know?”.

Answer 15

Yo.

Question 16

‘Is/am/are’ grammatical item.

Answer 16

Desu.

Question 17

‘Is not/am not/are not’ grammatical item.

Answer 17

Ja arimasen.

Question 18

‘Was’ grammatical item.

Answer 18

Deshita.

Question 19

‘Was not’ grammatical item.

Answer 19

Ja arimasendeshita.

Question 20

‘Do’ grammatical item (present/future tense).

Answer 20

Masu.

Question 21

‘Not do’ gramatical item (present/future tense).

Answer 21

Masen.

Question 22

‘Did’ grammatical item (past tense).

Answer 22

Mashita.

Question 23

‘Did not’ grammatical item (past tense).

Answer 23

Masendeshita.

Question 24

‘Lets’ grammatical item (present/future tense). Positive item.

Answer 24

Mashoo.

Question 25

‘Would you like to?’ grammatical item (present/future tense).

Answer 25

Masenka.

Question 26

What are grammatical items?

Answer 26

Grammatical items are functional words. They are attached to stem form verbs. They affect the meaning by indicating tense information, and whether the word is positively or negatively expressed.

Question 27

What are particles?

Answer 27

Particles are functional words which provide context to information in the sentence. In Japanese language particles are similar to pre-positions in English language. Except they are used in a post-position.

Question 28

‘True’ (marking).

Answer 28

Maru (o).

Question 29

‘False’ (marking).

Answer 29

Batsu (x).

Question 30

‘Shall I do (insert action)’.

Answer 30

Mashouka.