Practice Set 2B Flashcards
Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker?
Appositional growth
Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the closest to the marrow cavity?
Zone of bone deposition
Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?
Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls.
In the growth zone, which of the following describes the zone of bone deposition?
Walls between lacunae break down and chondrocytes die. Osteoblasts begin secreting bone matrix.
Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?
Interstitial
Which type of bone growth involves the deposition of new tissue at the surface?
Appositional
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?
Zone of cell proliferation
Which of the following describes the zone of calcification in an epiphyseal plate?
Minerals are deposited between the columns of lacunae.
An increase in the length of a long bone occurs by the process of ________ growth.
interstitial
Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker?
Appositional growth
Wolff’s law of bone states that the architecture of a bone is determined by which of the following?
Mechanical stress
Which adult condition involves the softening of bones due to demineralization?
Osteomalacia
Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the farthest from the marrow space?
Zone of reserve cartilage
True or false: Osteoclasts are not needed for bone remodeling.
False
Vitamin D, also known as ______, raises the blood calcium level.
calcitriol
Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Which hormone has a greater effect on bone growth?
Estrogen
During bone remodeling, the cells that remove unnecessary bone mass are called
osteoclasts
Calcitriol acts on which organs to raise blood calcium levels?
Kidneys
Small intestines
Bones
What does the hormone calcitonin do?
Inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts
A fracture caused by a tumor would be classified as a ___________ fracture.
pathological
Which hormones affect bone growth and development?
Estrogen
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitonin
Testosterone
True or false: A hard callus is composed of fibrocartilage.
False
What is a mass of blood in the tissues called?
Hematoma
A fracture in a healthy bone caused by abnormal trauma, like a fall, is classified as a _______ fracture.
stress
Which tend to attain their full height earlier in life?
Adolescent girls
What often causes the loss of bone mass seen in osteoporosis in older women?
A loss of estrogen
During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following?
A soft callus
Identify the two terms that describe a point where two bones meet.
Joint
Articulation
Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture ________ a blood clot
hematoma
A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture is called ____________.
osteoporosis
What holds the bones together in a fibrous joint?
Hyaline cartilage
In a symphysis, bones are held together by which of the following?
Fibrocartilage
During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form which of the following?
A soft callus
A lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the bones is found in ______ joints.
synovial
What is the hyaline cartilage found at the end of the bones within a synovial joint called?
Articular cartilage
A movement that decreases a joint angle is called blank.
flexion
What is another term for a fibrous joint?
Synarthrosis
Intervertebral discs comprised of fibrocartilage are found within what type of joints?
Symphyses
Which joint type is most likely to develop dysfunction due to its complexity?
Synovial
Which structure is indicated by the arrow labeled A in the figure of a synovial joint?
Articular cartilage
What is the opposite of flexion?
Extension
In a symphysis, bones are held together by which of the following?
Fibrocartilage
Which two characteristics describe adduction?
A movement along the frontal plane
A movement towards the midline of the body
Because of its depth, which joint is a very stable ball-and-socket joint?
Hip joint
Which movement straightens a joint, returning it to zero position?
Extension
The patellofemoral joint is an example of which class of synovial joint?
Gliding
Where is the coxal joint located?
Hip
True or false: The patella articulates with the femur.
True
