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PSIO 201 > Practice Set 1B > Flashcards

Practice Set 1B Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general name for the network of structures within the cytoplasm which support the cell, determine its shape, and participate in movement?

A

Cytoskeleton

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2
Q

Which three organelles are not surrounded by membranes?

A

Centrioles

Centrosomes

Ribosomes

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3
Q

An extensive system of cytoplasmic tubules classified as rough or smooth is called the ______.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

Which endoplasmic reticulum has tubular, branched cisternae, and lacks ribosomes?

A

Smooth ER

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5
Q

Which organelle adds carbohydrate groups to proteins produced at the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Golgi complex

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6
Q

What are the three types of protein structures that contribute to the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules, Intermediate filaments, Microfilaments

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7
Q

What is an example of a membranous organelle?

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

( ) are the organelles that digest and dispose of worn-out mitochondria.

A

Lysosomes, lysosomes, or lysosome.

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9
Q

Which membrane-bound organelle is the site of both protein and lipid synthesis?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

In a double helix structure of DNA, what are the components A, T, G, C, or maybe even U defined as?

A

Nitrogenous bases

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11
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

To synthesize proteins.

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12
Q

In the nucleus of a dividing cell, the chromatin condenses so that each ( ), now made of two sister chromatids, can be seen with a light microscope.

A

chromosome, or Chromosome

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13
Q

The Golgi complex packages cellular products that will be exported from the cell into which structures?

A

Secretory Vesicles

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14
Q

What is the general name for the network of structures within the cytoplasm which support the cell, determine its shape, and participate in movement?

A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

Which term refers to the protein “spools” that help organize DNA into nucleosomes?

A

Histones

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16
Q

Which membrane-bound organelle contains a mixture of enzymes that function in digesting foreign matter, pathogens, and expired organelles?

A

Lysosome

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17
Q

rRNA is short for ( ) RNA.

A

ribosomal or Ribosomal

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18
Q

What are the monomeric subunits that comprise a molecule of DNA called?

A

Nucleotides

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19
Q

In the nucleus of a typical human cell, there are 46 DNA filaments. Which term refers to one of these structures?

A

Chromosome

20
Q

How are DNA and RNA different?

A

RNA contains a sugar called ribose whereas DNA contains a sugar called deoxyribose.

RNA consists of only one nucleotide chain whereas DNA is a double helix.

RNA is much smaller. DNA, by contrast, averages more than 100 million base pairs long.

21
Q

Which organelle adds carbohydrate groups to proteins produced at the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Golgi complex

22
Q

Histones are ( ).

A

proteins.

23
Q

tRNA is short for ( ) RNA.

A

transfer

24
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding the DNA structure?

A

The nitrogenous bases face the inside and hold the two backbones together with hydrogen bonds.

The basic three-dimensional structure of DNA is the double helix.

Each sidepiece is a sugar-phosphate backbone composed of phosphate groups alternating with the sugar deoxyribose.

25
Q

How are DNA and RNA different?

A

DNA molecules tend to be much larger than molecules of RNA.

Reason: Molecules of RNA are usually between 70 and 10,000 bases long. Molecules of DNA on the other hand averages over 100 million base pairs long!

26
Q

Which of the following statements about codons are true?

A

The genetic code is expressed as a sequence of codons.

A codon is a three-base sequence of mRNA.

27
Q

Where does the making of mRNA from DNA take place?

A

In the nucleus

28
Q

Which term refers to the protein “spools” that help organize DNA into nucleosomes?

A

Histones

29
Q

Which molecule contains introns and exons?

A

Pre-mRNA

30
Q

This figure illustrates the mechanism of alternative splicing. What is its result?

A

One gene can code for more than one protein.

31
Q

A three-base sequence of mRNA is called a(n)

A

codon, codons, or Codon

32
Q

Which of the following is a true statement?

A

Which proteins a cell makes is determined by which genes are activated in that cell.

33
Q

Histones are ______.

A

proteins

34
Q

Which of the following statements are true regarding introns? Select all that apply.

A

An intron is a portion of mRNA that must be removed before translation.

An intron is a portion of mRNA that does not code for protein.

35
Q

Alternative splicing helps explain which of the following?

A

How one gene can produce more than one protein

36
Q

Which of the following statements about codons are true?

A

The genetic code is expressed as a sequence of codons.

A codon is a three-base sequence of mRNA.

37
Q

Which statement best summarizes the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

A

DNA contains the genetic code that determines the amino acid sequences of proteins.

38
Q

Which of the following best describes a histone?

A

A protein component of chromatin that helps to organize and package DNA

39
Q

Which molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

A

mRNA

40
Q

Following transcription, only some portions of the mRNA code for the final protein. The sections of mRNA that contain necessary code are called ( ), whereas the mRNA sections that do not code for the final protein are called ( ).

A

exons/exon or introns/intron

41
Q

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

A

It carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

42
Q

Which molecule contains introns and exons?

A

Pre-mRNA

43
Q

During the cell cycle, G1, S, and G2 collectively make up the phase known as what?

A

Interphase

44
Q

Name the correct order of the phases of mitosis from beginning to end.

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)

45
Q

Translation occurs in three steps. Place these steps in chronological order.

A

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination

46
Q

Where does the making of mRNA from DNA take place?

A

In the nucleus

47
Q

Indicate what is NOT part of interphase.

A

M phase, only G1, S and G2

PSIO 201 (10 decks)

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