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Disease and Defense Mine > Practice Quiz Unit 3 > Flashcards

Practice Quiz Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

Both gram+ and gram-.

Located in cell wall. Gram+ cells have very thick cell wall due to peptidoglycan.

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2
Q

Teichoic Acids

A

Gram+.

Attaches cell wall to membrane.

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3
Q

Lipopolysacharride (LPS)

A

Gram-.

Located in outer membrane.

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4
Q

Outer Memrane

A

Gram-

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5
Q

Periplasmic Space

A

Gram-.

Located between two membranes.

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6
Q

Porin Proteins

A

Gram-.

Located in outer membrane and form transmembrane channels that allow passage of hydrophilic molecules.

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7
Q

Lipid A

A

Gram-.
Toxic portion of lipopolysaccharide.
Component of out membrane.

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8
Q

O Antigen

A

Polysaccharide antigen located in lipopolysaccharide.

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9
Q

H Antigen

A

Flagellar antigen.

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10
Q

Beta Lactam Antibiotics

A

More effective in cells during logarithmic growth phase. Targets newly forming peptidoglycan

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11
Q

Quinolone

A

Targets DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase (?).

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12
Q

Coagulase

A

Promotes deposition of fibrin and walls off S. aureus.

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13
Q

Infection

A

Microbe enters into relationship with host.

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14
Q

Pili

A

Bacterial structure most commonly involved in mediating adherence of bacteria to human cells.

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15
Q

Enterococcus Spp.

A

Gram+. Forms chains.

Mostly likely to be found as part of normal bowel flora.

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16
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Associated with antibiotic use due to antibiotic resistance. Causes diarrhea.
Part of normal flora w/o causing disease.
GI disease related to toxin production.

17
Q

McConkey Agar

A

Allows growth of gram- bacteria only.

18
Q

Lactose Fermenting Bacteria (when grown on McConkey agar)

A

E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae

19
Q

Gram Stain

A

Adheres to peptidoglycan, which makes thick cell wall in gram+ cells.

20
Q

Genetic Recombination

A

Allows bacteria to express different antigenic forms of pili.

21
Q

Bacteriophage Converion (Lysogenic Conversion)

A

Mechanism of phage mediated transfer. Process where bacteria incorporates phage DNA that confers a new phenotypic trait into own genome. Allows diptheriae to express diptheria toxin.

22
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

gram- rod

23
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Virulence factor most associated with Staph epidermis

24
Q

Transformation

A

Naked strands of DNA are incorporated into bacterial genome. Possible in both gram+ and gram- bacteria.

25
Q

Generalized Transduction

A

Mechanism of phage-mediated transfer. Gene transfer mediated by a bacteriophage, where any segment of donor phage (bacterial?) genome is passed into another cell.

26
Q

Bacterial Conjugation

A

Form of genetic transfer that is dependent upon contact between donor and recipient cells. Usually mediated by certain types of bacterial plasmids.

27
Q

Virulence Genes

A

Are often expressed only under conditions of low iron.

May be obtained in complex transposons, during bacteriophage conversion, or in the acquisition of plasmids.

28
Q

Lytic Infection

A

Phage multiplication leading to host cell lysis.

29
Q

Transposition

A

DNA sequence that can change its position within the genome.

30
Q

prophage

A

Consists of phage DNA which is linearly inserted into host cell genomes where it becomes passively replicated as part of host bacterial chromosome.

31
Q

Insertion Sequence Transposon

A

Encode transposase. Inactivate genes into which they are transposed or turn on expression of adjacent genes.

32
Q

Complex Transposons

A

Similar to regular transposons but carry additional genes such as those encoding antibiotic resistance, toxins, or other virulence factors.

33
Q

Endotoxin

A

LPS from cell walls of gram- bacteria

34
Q

Exotoxin

A

Toxin secreted by bacteria.

35
Q

Enterotoxin

A

Exotoxin that acts in GI system.

Disease and Defense Mine (12 decks)

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