practice questions Flashcards
1
Q
list the 6 parts of biological organization from least to most complex levels
A
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
2
Q
which of the following cannot be classified under domain Eukarya?
group protista
kingdom fungi
bacteria
kingdom animalia
kingdom plantae
A
bacteria
3
Q
a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a…
A
population
4
Q
is ice melting into liquid water a chemical reaction?
A
no
5
Q
define a polar molecule
A
slightly negative at one end and slightly positive at the other end
6
Q
a sulfur atom has 6 electrons in its third (outermost shell) which can hold 8 electrons, as a result, it forms ____ covalent bonds with other atoms
A
2
7
Q
an atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing a ___
A
electron
8
Q
an atom can be changed into a different isotope by adding or removing a _____
A
neutron
9
Q
what two things are found in the nucleus of an atom?
A
neutrons and protons
10
Q
the bonds within a water molecule are:
A
polar covalent bonds
11
Q
the bonds between water molecules are called:
A
hydrogen bonds
12
Q
a substance that has a higher proportion of hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions could have a pH of:
A
2
13
Q
is ice more or less dense then water?
A
less
14
Q
are the bonds between water molecules more or less stable then those in water?
A
more stable
15
Q
a strongly basic substance may have a pH of :
A
12
16
Q
proteins are composed of…
A
amino acids
17
Q
a helix is an example of a proteins…
A
secondary structure
18
Q
what type of protein is in hemoglobin?
A
transport protein
19
Q
amino acids are joined together by…
A
peptide bonds
20
Q
how many types of amino acids are there?
A
20
21
Q
enzymes speed up the rate of _____ and bind to the _____
A
reaction
substrate
22
Q
hair is an example of what kind of protein?
A
structural protein
23
Q
sucrase is an example of an…
A
enzyme
24
Q
complex carbs are composed of:
A
monosaccharides
25
the storage polysaccharides found in plants is called:
starch
26
the storage polysacchairde found in animals is called:
glycogen
27
the structural polysaccharide found in animals is called:
chitin
28
the structural polysaccharide found in plants is called:
cellulose
29
sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose by the enzyme sucrose. sucrose is a:
disaccharide
30
how many disaccharides make up a monosaccharide?
2
31
____ fates tend to be solid at room temp, ____ fats tend to be liquid at room temp
saturated
unsaturated
32
is a protein a lipid?
no
33
cholesterol is an example of a:
steroid
34
do steroids, phospholipids, or fats make up polymers?
none heheh
35
___ are responsible for the lipid bilayer conformation of cell membranes
phospholipids
36
phospholipids are composed of a ____ head group and a ____ tail group
hyrdophilic phosphate
hydrophobic fatty acid
37
what type of lipid is responsible for cushioning and protecting internal organs?
fats
38
the first person to invent a microscope was named:
anton van leeuwenhoek
39
the first person to coin the word cell was named:
robert hooke
40
to visualize the golgi appparatus within a cell one could use:
a transmission em
41
to visualize the gross morphology of insects at the highest resolution possible, one would use:
a scanning em
42
live organisms can be observed with what 2 things:
a light compound microscope and a dissecting scope
43
the first microscope was invented in the:
1600s
44
a light microscope with an objective lens with 40x magnification would produce an object with a total magnification of:
400x
45
what produces the highest resolution image?
an electron microscope
46
the cell membrane is composed of mainly:
phospholipids
47
the cell wall is composed of mainly:
cellulose
48
an example of a cell lacking a cell wall is"
a human sperm cell
49
what is a protist?
a eukaryotic cell
50
what structure is found only in plant cells?
large, central vacuoles
51
what structure is only found in animal cells?
lysosomes
52
what organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
mitochondria
53
what organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
ribosomes
54
what organelle is responsible for the production of ATP
mitochondria
55
what organelle is known as the shipping and recieving centre of the cell?
golgi apparatus
56
which organelle are chromosomes located in the cell?
nucleus
57
____ are synthesized with the helpof ribosomes
proteins
58
organelles responsible for the digestion of old organelles in animal cells are:
lysosomes
59
where are proteins modified?
in the golgi apparatus
60
what nitrogenous base is not found in dna?
uracil
61
what nitrogenous base is not found in rna?
thymine
62
what is not a component of a nucleotide?
amino acid
63
which type of bond connects the nitrogenous bases in a dna molecule?
hydrogen
64
dna is ___ stranded, rna is ___ stranded
double
single
65
a deficiency of phosphorous in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture:
dna
66
dna is found in the ___ of the cell
nucleus
67
human body or somatic cells have ____ chromosomes, human gametes have ____ chromosomes
46
23
68
human skin cells have ___ chromosomes, human sperm cells have ___ chromies
46
23
69
individuals with down syndrome:
have an extra copy of chromosome #21
70
individuals with kleinfelter syndrome:
have an extra sex chromosome
71
individuals with cry of the cat syndrome:
dont have a 5 chromosome
72
individuals with turner syndrome:
are missing one sex chromosome
73
individuals with down syndrome have exactly ___ chromosomes in each of their somatic cells
47
74
individuals with kleinfelter syndrome have exactly ___ chromosomes in each of their somatic cells:
47
75
individuals with cry of the cat have exactly ___ chromosomes in each of their somatic cells
46
76
individuals with turner syndrome have exactly ___ chromosomes in each of their somatic cells
45
77
the process of fetal testing in which the liquid bathing the fetus is removed is called:
amniocentesis
78
the process of fetal testing in which a sample of the placenta is removed and tested is called:
chorionic villus sampling
79
the phase in meiosis during which crossing over occurs is called:
prophase I
80
the phase in mitosis during which chromosomes become visible is called:
prophase
81
the phase in mitosis during which double stranded chromosomes line up along the equatorial or metaphase plane is called:
metaphase
82
cytokenisis occurs directly after which phase of mitosis?
telophase
83
the phase in mitosis during which sister chromatids seperate from each other is called:
anaphase
84
order the stafes of mitosises
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
85
if an organism has a diploid chromie number of 6(2n=6) how many chromosomes will be present per cell at the end of mitosis?
6
86
if an organism has a diploid chromie number of 6(2n=6) how many chromies will be present per cell during metaphase of mitosis?
6
87
the cell division specific to somatic or body cell is called ____, the cell division specific to reproductive cells is called ___
mitosis
meiosis
88
how many cells are produced at the end of mitosis? how many cells are produced at the end of meisosi?
2
4
89
if an organism has a diploid chromie number of 6(2n=6) how many chromies will be present per cell at the end of the second meiotic division?
3
90
the base pair guanine always binds to:
cytosine
91
the base pair of uracil always binds to:
adenine
92
the process of transcription involves the production of:
rna
93
the process of translation involved the production of:
proteins
94
a codon is a sequence of info located on:
a strand of rna
95
the scientis responsible for determining inheritance of traits through distinct heritable features was named:
gregor mendel
96
through greys experiments with garden peas, mendel found that the purple trait was a ____ trait over the white flowers
autosomal dominant
97
through his experiments with garden peas, mendel observed his F1 generation to have ___% purple flowers
100
98
through his experiments with garden peas, mendel observed his F2 generation to have ___% purple flowers
75
99
the genotypic ratio of mendels F1 generation was:
%100 PP
100
albanism is an example of a ____ trait
autosomal recessive
101
huntingtons disease is an examplee of a ___ trait
autosomal dominant
102
colour blindness is an example of a ____ trait
x linked recessive
103
a common method for comparing dna samples between individuals is called:
gel electrophoresis
104
gel electrophoresis seperates fragments of dna based on their:
size
105
dna cloning involves:
splicing a gene of interest into a bacterial plasmid
106
animal cloning involes:
removing the nucleus from an egg cell and inserting a diploid somatic cell into the donor cell
107
gel electrophoresis involves:
seperating fragmenets of dna by administering an electrical current through the medium
