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HSS1100 Microbiology and Immunology > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

1 Which of the following statements about viruses is true?

a) They can infect man or animals or both;
b) They are structurally too simple to trigger an immune response;
c) They replicate in living cells and a few artificial media;
d) Most can be seen with the ordinary light microscope;
e) They are by definition eukaryotes.

A

a) They can infect man or animals or both;

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2
Q
  1. Most viral infections can be treated with:

a) Penicillin;
b) Streptomycin;
c) Wide-spectrum antibiotics (e.g., tetracyclines);
d) Anti-parasitic drugs;
e) None of the above.

A

e) None of the above.

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3
Q
  1. Detection of the presence or absence of antibody against a specific virus is referred to as a(an):

a) Diagnostic test;
b) Cell culture (example, plaque assay) test;
c) Paired sera test (acute and convalescent);
d) Immunity test;
e) Red blood cell agglutination test.

A

d) Immunity test;

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4
Q
  1. Recurrent cold sores of the lips are most often caused by:

a) Herpes simplex type 1;
b) Herpes simplex type 2;
c) Varicella virus;
d) Chancres;
e) Rubella virus.

A

a) Herpes simplex type 1;

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5
Q
  1. Herpes zoster (shingles) is a manifestation of a latent infection with:

a) Herpes simplex virus;
b) Influenza virus;
c) Measles virus;
d) Rubella virus;
e) Varicella virus.

A

e) Varicella virus.

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6
Q
  1. Infectious mononucleosis is caused by:

a) Hepatitis B virus;
b) Epstein-Barr virus;
c) Measles virus;
d) Echoviruses;
e) Streptococcus pyogenes

A

b) Epstein-Barr virus;

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7
Q
  1. Major epidemics of influenza are caused by:

a) The failure to vaccinate the entire population against influenza;
b) The appearance of new strains of Haemophilus influenzae;
c) The appearance of influenza viruses resistant to antibiotics;
d) Shifts in the antigenic make-up of Influenza A virus causing immune evasion;
e) A sudden increase in humidity and drop in temperature.

A

d) Shifts in the antigenic make-up of Influenza A virus causing immune evasion;

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a) Hepatitis Delta agent can be controlled with vaccination against
HepB;
b) Hepatitis C virus can be controlled with vaccination;
c) Hepatitis A is a blood-borne virus;
d) Spores are more sensitive than vegetative cells to sanitizers or detergents;
e) Pre-cleaning is not essential before decontamination of endoscopes.

A

a) Hepatitis Delta agent can be controlled with vaccination against
HepB;

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9
Q
  1. Viral capsids are mostly composed of which of the following molecules?

a) Nucleic acids;
b) Proteins;
c) Carbohydrates;
d) Phospholipids;
e) Cholesterol.

A

b) Proteins;

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10
Q
  1. Killing all the organisms including spores present in a material is known as:

a) Filtration;
b) Sanitization;
c) Lyophilization;
d) Sterilization;
e) Pasteurization.

A

d) Sterilization;

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11
Q
  1. The common cold is caused by which of the following microorganisms?

a) Echovirus;
b) Influenza virus;
c) Rhinovirus;
d) Epstein-Barr virus;
e) Mycoplasma.

A

c) Rhinovirus

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a) The most important procedure in preventing hospital-acquired infections is patient isolation;
b) Hospitalized patients may have weakened defense mechanisms
caused by disease, surgery, radiation and invasive medical
procedures;
c) Infections caused by a patient’s normal flora are called exogenous;
d) It is only necessary to culture samples from patients when investigating an outbreak of nosocomial disease;
e) Microorganisms that primarily infect hosts with weakened defense
mechanisms are called emerging pathogens.

A

b) Hospitalized patients may have weakened defense mechanisms
caused by disease, surgery, radiation and invasive medical
procedures;

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13
Q
  1. Which of the following central nervous system (CNS) viruses have an animal reservoir and the human as an accidental or dead-end host?

a) Mumps virus;
b) Rabies virus;
c) Herpes simplex 1 virus;
d) Polio virus;
e) None of the above.

A

b) Rabies virus;

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14
Q

Which of the following reasons is why vaccination against the common cold does not exist?

  1. There are too many serotypes of the cold virus
  2. Immunity against one serotype does not prevent infection by another serotype
  3. The only way to control the common cold is via passive immunization.
    a) 1 only;
    b) 2 only;
    c) 3 only;
    d) 1 and 2 only;
    e) 2 and 3 only.
A

d) 1 and 2 only;

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following descriptions about viruses is false?

a) Genomes of either DNA or RNA but not both;
b) Structurally very simple;
c) Obligate intracellular parasites;
d) Can only infect humans;
e) Incapable of growth on artificial medium.

A

d) Can only infect humans;

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16
Q
  1. For organ transplantation, an important organism of concern is:

a) Mumps virus;
b) Cytomegalovirus;
c) Botulinum neurotoxin;
d) Rhinovirus;
e) Yellow fever virus.

A

b) Cytomegalovirus

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following are prokaryotic?

a) Viruses;
b) Fungi;
c) Parasites;
d) Bacteria;
e) None of the above.

A

d) Bacteria;

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18
Q
  1. Humoral immunity:

a) Includes lysozymes (antibacterial substance such as tears);
b) Involves B-cells;
c) Includes complement;
d) Involves cell mediated activation against intracellular organisms;
e) The skin is the largest member of the humoral immune response.

A

b) Involves B-cells;

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following is not a disease caused by a protozoan parasite?

a) Amoebiasis;
b) Giardiasis;
c) Trichinosis;
d) Cryptosporidiosis;
e) Cyclosporiasis.

A

c) Trichinosis;

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20
Q
  1. Which of the following is not always guaranteed to be a method of sterilization?

a) Moist heat, such as steam, under pressure;
b) Using an appropriate disinfectant;
c) Boiling water;
d) Incineration;
e) Radiation.

A

c) Boiling water;

21
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Foods irradiated with gamma rays become radioactive;
b) Pasteurization kills the vegetative cells of most microorganisms but
does not sterilize;
c) Non-ionizing radiation is more penetrative than ionizing radiation.
d) Dry heat is more effective for sterilization than moist heat;
e) Longer exposure to a physical agent results in fewer number of cells killed.

A

b) Pasteurization kills the vegetative cells of most microorganisms but
does not sterilize;

22
Q
  1. The best method to sterilize small instruments that are contaminated by viruses is:

a) Ultraviolet light;
b) Pasteurization;
c) Boiling;
d) Autoclaving;
e) Filtration.

A

d) Autoclaving;

23
Q
  1. Any agent such as an insect that carries a disease from one person to another is called a (an):

a) Episome;
b) Vector;
c) Host;
d) Parasite;
e) FBI operative.

A

b) Vector;

24
Q
  1. An example of a disease that enters the body through the mouth and gastrointestinal tract is:

a) Measles;
b) Tetanus;
c) Hepatitis A;
d) Malaria;
e) Yellow fever.

A

c) Hepatitis A;

25
Q
  1. Any site in which a pathogen can survive and multiply until it is transferred to a host is known as a (an):

a) Infection;
b) Reservoir;
c) Inflammation;
d) Stagnation;
e) Vector.

A

b) Reservoir;

26
Q
  1. The following is an example of Gram-negative diplococci:

a) Escherichia coli;
b) Listeria monocytogenes;
c) Neisseria meningitidis;
d) Streptococcus pneumoniae;
e) None of the above are Gram-negative diplococci.

A

c) Neisseria meningitidis;

27
Q
  1. The most common route of infection with Hepatitis B virus is through:

a) Contaminated water supply;
b) Ingestion of contaminated food;
c) Contaminated blood and blood products;
d) Inhalation of contaminated aerosols;
e) None of the above.

A

c) Contaminated blood and blood products;

28
Q
  1. Genital herpes is caused by which of the following organisms?

a) Toxoplasma;
b) Herpes simplex type I;
c) Salmonella species;
d) Herpes simplex type II;
e) Varicella.

A

d) Herpes simplex type II;

29
Q
  1. Which of the following disease is not caused by bacteria?

a) Gonorrhea;
b) Strep throat;
c) Diphtheria;
d) Histoplasmosis;
e) Tetanus.

A

d) Histoplasmosis;

30
Q
  1. Contaminated objects such as wound dressings, stethoscopes or even a physician’s tie that transfer infectious disease agents to someone are known as:

a) Fomites;
b) Carriers;
c) Reservoirs;
d) All of the above
e) None of the above.

A

a) Fomites;

31
Q
  1. Giardia lamblia, a protozoan parasite:

a) Have easy-to-recognize trophozoites because they have bilateral
symmetry;
b) Have world wide distribution;
c) Require a tick bite for transmission;
d) A and B only;
e) All of the above.

A

d) A and B only;

32
Q
  1. Which of the following is not associated with important congenital infections?

a) Toxoplasma gondii;
b) Treponema pallidum;
c) Entamoeba histolytica;
d) Human Immunodeficiency virus;
e) Herpes Simplex Virus.

A

c) Entamoeba histolytica;

33
Q
  1. Which of the following is an example of an Enterovirus?

a) Rotavirus;
b) Poliovirus;
c) Adenovirus;
d) Norwalk virus;
e) Astrovirus.

A

b) Poliovirus;

34
Q
  1. In which of the following infections is a vaccine currently NOT available?

a) Measles;
b) Chickenpox;
c) HIV;
d) German measles;
e) Mumps.

A

c) HIV;

35
Q
  1. If you had to vaccinate an immunocompromised individual against polio, you would use:

a) Passive immunization;
b) The Salk vaccine;
c) The Sabin vaccine;
d) Once you get polio, you are immune for life so it doesn=t matter;
e) The best antiviral medication available.

A

b) The Salk vaccine;

36
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is false?

a) Clostridium species are Gram-positive, spore-forming rods capable of growing in anaerobic conditions;
b) Clostridium difficile is responsible for antibiotic-associated enterocolitis;
c) Bacillus anthracis is a capsulated, Gram-positive bacillus;
d) Infection with Bacillus cereus causes gastroenteritis and should be
treated with antibiotics.
e) None of the above is false.

A

d) Infection with Bacillus cereus causes gastroenteritis and should be
treated with antibiotics.

37
Q

Rank in size, from smallest to largest, the following organisms:
1. Yeast such as Candida albicans;
2. Measles virus;
3. Chlamydia trachomatis;
4. Staphylococcus aureus;
5. Histoplasma capsulatum;

a) 2, 1, 3, 4, 5;
b) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1;
c) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1;
d) 2, 3, 4, 1, 5;
e) 2, 5, 3, 4, 1.

A

d) 2, 3, 4, 1, 5;

  1. Measles virus;
  2. Chlamydia trachomatis;
  3. Staphylococcus aureus;
  4. Yeast such as Candida albicans;
  5. Histoplasma capsulatum;
38
Q
  1. Which of the following is a Foodborne virus?

a) Norovirus;
b) Adenovirus;
c) Rotavirus;
d) Poliovirus;
e) Coxsackievirus

A

a) Norovirus;

39
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is false?

a) Immunity against one serotype of the cold virus does not prevent infection by another;
b) Humans become infected with histoplasmosis after inhaling conidia present in soil dust;
c) Legionella is transmitted from person to person;
d) Scarlet fever is a complication arising from Streptococcus pyogenes infection;
e) Endotoxins are less potent than exotoxins

A

c) Legionella is transmitted from person to person;

40
Q
  1. Which of the following is not associated with a sexually transmitted disease?

a) Trichomonas vaginalis;
b) Chlamydia psittaci;
c) Herpes simplex 2 virus;
d) Neisseria gonorrhoea;
e) Treponema pallidum.

A

b) Chlamydia psittaci;

41
Q
  1. Which of the following is not transmitted by an insect?

a) Borrelia burgdorferi;
b) Plasmodium spp.;
c) Mycobacterium leprae;
d) West Nile virus;
e) Yellow fever virus.

A

c) Mycobacterium leprae;

42
Q
  1. Suppose you were a pharmacist and you received a prescription for penicillin, what disease would the affected individual most likely have?

a) Streptococcal infection;
b) HSV-1;
c) Staphylococcal skin infection;
d) Hepatitis;
e) Rabies.

A

a) Streptococcal infection;

43
Q
  1. Hospital infection control programs include:

a) Infection control nurses;
b) Infection control physicians;
c) Infection control laboratory facilities;
d) All of the above;
e) None of the above.

A

d) All of the above;

44
Q
  1. Which of the following is a Gram positive bacterium capable of causing food poisoning/gastroenteritis?

a) Shigella sonnei;
b) Bacillus cereus;
c) Streptococcus agalactiae;
d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
e) Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A

b) Bacillus cereus;

45
Q
  1. Which of the following is not an example of an AAltered Target@ mechanism of antibiotic resistance?

a) Ribosomal RNA methylation;
b) Ribosomal protection;
c) New drug resistant dihydropteroate synthase;
d) Production of B-lactamase;
e) Altered DNA gyrase.

A

d) Production of B-lactamase;

46
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is false?

a) Nosocomial infections can sometimes be unpreventable;
b) A patient cannot be considered a source for nosocomial infection;
c) Handwashing is the most effective means of reducing the transmission of a pathogen from source to host;
d) Infection control programs are mandatory in most Canadian hospitals;
e) Alcohol-based hand rubs remove transient flora.

A

b) A patient cannot be considered a source for nosocomial infection;

47
Q

Rank the following microorganisms in order from the MOST resistant to
disinfectants to the LEAST resistant to disinfectants:
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
2. Clostridium botulinum spores;
3. Escherichia coli;
4. Norovirus;
5. Fungus such as Candida albicans

a) 2,4,1,3,5;
b) 1,2,3,4,5;
c) 2,1,5,3,4;
d) 5,2,1,3,4;
e) 2,5,1,3,4.

A

c) 2,1,5,3,4;

  1. Clostridium botulinum spores;
  2. Mycobacterium tuberculosis;
  3. Fungus such as Candida albicans
  4. Escherichia coli;
  5. Norovirus;
48
Q
  1. The following can be used to treat small amounts of liquids that can be damaged by heat:

a) Autoclaving;
b) UV radiation;
c) Filtration;
d) Dry heat;
e) None of the above.

A

c) Filtration;

49
Q
  1. Which of the following about the bacterial cell wall is false?

a) The cell wall is a rigid structure giving characteristic shape of bacterial cells;
b) The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is attached to the peptidoglycan layer of Gram positive bacteria;
c) Gram negative cell wall is more complex than the Gram positive cell wall;
d) The peptidoglycan layer of Gram positive bacteria is much thicker than that of Gram negative bacteria;
e) Not all bacterial cell walls are stainable by the Gram stain method

A

b) The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is attached to the peptidoglycan layer of Gram positive bacteria;

HSS1100 Microbiology and Immunology (13 decks)

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