Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is the primary function of the skin in innate immunity?
A. To produce antibodies
B. To act as a mechanical barrier
C. To detect pathogens
D. To activate T cells
a
How do mucous membranes contribute to the body’s defenses?
A. By producing mucus that traps bacteria
B. By secreting digestive enzymes
C. By absorbing nutrients
D. By acting as a physical barrier to virus entry
c
Which component of the immune system is involved in “iron-binding” to inhibit bacterial growth?
A. Macrophages
B. Transferrin
C. Complement proteins
D. Mast cells
b
What is the role of lysozymes in innate immunity?
A. They degrade bacterial cell walls.
B. They produce antibodies.
C. They present antigens to T cells.
D. They regulate immune responses.
a
Which of the following best describes the action of the complement system?
A. Directly killing invading pathogens
B. Producing antibodies
C. Capturing and presenting antigens
D. Suppressing inflammatory responses
b
What distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?
A. Innate immunity is slow to respond while adaptive is immediate.
B. Innate immunity is nonspecific, whereas adaptive immunity is specific.
C. Innate immunity involves antibodies, whereas adaptive does not.
D. Innate immunity has a memory component, unlike adaptive immunity.
b
How do antibodies assist in defending against pathogens?
A. By physically blocking pathogen entry into cells
B. By directly killing pathogens
C. By marking pathogens for destruction by other immune cells
D. By neutralizing toxins produced by pathogens
c
In which type of immunity do T cells primarily function?
A. Innate immunity
B. Cellular immunity
C. Humoral immunity
D. Passive immunity
b
What triggers the activation of a naive T-cell?
A. Binding of an antibody to a pathogen
B. Detection of a pathogen by a dendritic cell
C. Recognition of a specific antigen presented by an APC
D. Direct contact with a pathogen
c
Which cells are responsible for the production of antibodies?
A. T-cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. B-lymphocytes
D. Macrophages
b
What mechanism allows antibodies to inhibit pathogen entry into cells?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Cell lysis
C. Neutralization
D. Opsonization
c
How do memory cells enhance immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen?
A. By producing stronger physical barriers
B. By immediately secreting large amounts of antibodies
C. By decreasing the response time to the pathogen
D. Both B and C
d
What is the primary advantage of having multiple classes of immunoglobulins?
A. Each class can address different types of pathogens.
B. They can all cross the placental barrier.
C. All are involved in activating the complement system.
D. They prevent autoimmune diseases.
a
Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in the allergic response?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgM
c
How do T-helper cells assist other immune cells?
A. By killing infected cells directly
B. By producing antibodies
C. By secreting cytokines that regulate other immune cells
D. By presenting antigens to B cells
c
