Lecture 6 Flashcards
What is a distinctive feature of mycobacteria’s cell walls that affects their staining properties?
A. Low lipid content
B. Presence of peptidoglycan
C. High lipid content
D. Lack of a cell wall
C. High lipid content
Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Leprosy
C. Diphtheria
D. Typhoid
B. Leprosy
What is the main mode of transmission for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A. Contaminated food
B. Insect bites
C. Aerosol droplets
D. Direct skin contact
C. Aerosol droplets
What type of hypersensitivity is the tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) an example of?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
D. Type IV
Which organism is known to cause syphilis?
A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Treponema pallidum
C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D. Helicobacter pylori
B. Treponema pallidum
What is the key virulence factor for the pathogenicity of Treponema pallidum?
A. Capsule
B. Endotoxin
C. Flagellum
D. Spirochete structure
D. Spirochete structure
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is classified as which type of organism based on its oxygen requirements?
A. Obligate aerobe
B. Obligate anaerobe
C. Facultative anaerobe
D. Microaerophile
A. Obligate aerobe
What is the most common clinical presentation of primary tuberculosis?
A. Pneumonia
B. Asymptomatic infection
C. Severe cough with blood
D. High fever and night sweats
B. Asymptomatic infection
Which staining technique is used to identify acid-fast bacilli like mycobacteria?
A. Gram stain
B. Ziehl-Neelsen stain
C. India ink stain
D. PAS stain
B. Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Atypical mycobacteria are most likely to cause disease in which group of individuals?
A. Healthy adults
B. Immunocompromised individuals
C. Newborns
D. Elderly individuals without other health issues
B. Immunocompromised individuals
Which test is used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection?
A. PCR test
B. Mantoux test
C. Sputum culture
D. Chest X-ray
B. Mantoux test
Which part of the body is primarily affected by lepromatous leprosy?
A. Lungs
B. Skin and nerves
C. Gastrointestinal tract
D. Liver
B. Skin and nerves
Spirochetes like Treponema pallidum are best described as:
A. Gram-positive cocci
B. Gram-negative rods
C. Spiral-shaped bacteria
D. Obligate anaerobes
C. Spiral-shaped bacteria
Which test is used to confirm syphilis in a patient suspected based on symptoms?
A. Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
B. White blood cell count
C. Chest X-ray
D. Stool culture
A. Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)
Treatment for leprosy involves:
A. Antiviral medications
B. Antifungal medications
C. Antibiotics
D. Antiparasitic medications
C. Antibiotics
What is a common complication associated with lepromatous leprosy?
A. Severe diarrhea
B. Frequent upper respiratory infections
C. Neurological damage
D. Cardiovascular disease
C. Neurological damage
Which condition can be confused with tuberculosis due to similar symptoms?
A. Asthma
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Allergic rhinitis
B. Pneumonia
Spirochetes are unique in being:
A. Resistant to all antibiotics
B. Visible under regular light microscopy without staining
C. Capable of surviving outside a host for long periods
D. Difficult to culture in vitro
D. Difficult to culture in vitro
What indicates a positive result on a tuberculin skin test?
A. A red bump at the injection site
B. Fever and night sweats within 48 hours
C. A clear fluid blister at the injection site
D. Induration (hardened area) of 10 mm or more
D. Induration (hardened area) of 10 mm or more
The decline in the number of tuberculosis cases in the US is attributed to:
A. Natural immunity in the population
B. Improved public health and medical treatments
C. The discontinuation of the BCG vaccine
D. Changes in the pathogenicity of the bacteria
B. Improved public health and medical treatments
