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HSS1100 Microbiology and Immunology > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a nosocomial infection?

A. Infection present before hospital admission
B. Infection acquired during hospitalization
C. Infection transmitted from hospital staff to patients
D. Infection treated exclusively within hospital settings

A

B. Infection acquired during hospitalization

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2
Q

Which of the following is a non-preventable cause of nosocomial infections?

A. Poor hand hygiene by healthcare staff
B. Use of contaminated medical equipment
C. Infections in immunodeficient patients
D. Surgical procedures in sterile environments

A

C. Infections in immunodeficient patients

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3
Q

What is the most common route of transmission for nosocomial infections?

A. Indirect contact through contaminated surfaces
B. Direct contact with infected individuals
C. Airborne transmission through ventilation systems
D. Waterborne transmission through hospital plumbing

A

A. Indirect contact through contaminated surfaces

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4
Q

Which organism is often implicated in hospital-acquired infections of the urinary tract?

A. Clostridium difficile
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Escherichia coli
D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

C. Escherichia coli

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5
Q

What role does the hospital environment play in the spread of nosocomial infections?

A. It provides a reservoir for microorganisms
B. It is typically sterile and does not contribute to infections
C. It only contributes to infections during outbreaks
D. It acts as a barrier to infection spread

A

A. It provides a reservoir for microorganisms

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6
Q

How can the chain of infection in hospitals be broken?

A. Increasing the number of hospital staff
B. Implementing strict hand hygiene protocols
C. Using less invasive procedures
D. Reducing hospital admission rates

A

B. Implementing strict hand hygiene protocols

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7
Q

What type of infection control measure is most effective against airborne pathogens?

A. Hand washing
B. Use of personal protective equipment
C. HEPA filtration in ventilation systems
D. Antibiotic prophylaxis

A

C. HEPA filtration in ventilation systems

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8
Q

Which technique is NOT a standard practice for controlling the spread of nosocomial infections?

A. Routine use of systemic antibiotics in all patients
B. Regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces
C. Sterilization of surgical instruments
D. Isolation of infected patients

A

A. Routine use of systemic antibiotics in all patients

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9
Q

What is an example of an endogenous source for nosocomial infections?

A. Hospital food
B. Patient’s own normal flora
C. Infected healthcare workers
D. Contaminated medical devices

A

B. Patient’s own normal flora

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10
Q

Which group of patients is at highest risk for developing nosocomial infections?

A. Patients with diabetes
B. Patients undergoing elective surgeries
C. Outpatients receiving routine care
D. Newborns and the elderly

A

D. Newborns and the elderly

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11
Q

What preventive measure is recommended to control the transmission of infections through invasive devices like catheters?

A. Using them only when absolutely necessary
B. Treating all patients with antibiotics as a precaution
C. Cleaning devices with antiseptic wipes intermittently
D. Applying sterile dressings daily

A

A. Using them only when absolutely necessary

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12
Q

Which pathogen is frequently associated with nosocomial respiratory infections?

A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B. Legionella pneumophila
C. Norovirus
D. Hepatitis B virus

A

B. Legionella pneumophila

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13
Q

How are nosocomial infections most effectively monitored?

A. Patient self-reports
B. Routine health inspections
C. Surveillance and reporting systems in hospitals
D. National health surveys

A

C. Surveillance and reporting systems in hospitals

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14
Q

What is a common outcome of nosocomial infections if not properly managed?

A. Quick recovery with minimal intervention
B. Increased hospital stays and costs
C. No significant change in patient outcomes
D. Decrease in hospital readmissions

A

B. Increased hospital stays and costs

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15
Q

Which practice reduces the risk of nosocomial infections in surgical areas?

A. Limiting the number of personnel in the operating room
B. Performing surgeries in outpatient settings
C. Decreasing the duration of surgeries
D. Using lower quality surgical instruments

A

A. Limiting the number of personnel in the operating room

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16
Q

What is the impact of antibiotic-resistant organisms in nosocomial infections?

A. They are easier to treat with standard antibiotics
B. They lead to higher morbidity and mortality
C. They have no impact on the outcome of infections
D. They decrease the spread of infections in hospitals

A

B. They lead to higher morbidity and mortality

17
Q

What strategy is NOT used to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections?

A. Administering vaccines to all hospital patients
B. Regular handwashing by healthcare personnel
C. Using protective barriers like gloves and gowns
D. Routine cleaning and disinfection of the environment

A

A. Administering vaccines to all hospital patients

18
Q

Which factor does NOT contribute to the rise of nosocomial infections?

A. Increased use of immunosuppressive medications
B. Enhanced infection control protocols
C. Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics
D. Longer durations of hospital stay

A

B. Enhanced infection control protocols

19
Q

What is a critical component in the education of healthcare workers to prevent nosocomial infections?

A. Understanding the economics of healthcare
B. Knowledge of pathogen life cycles
C. Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions
D. Learning hospital administrative tasks

A

C. Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions

20
Q

Which is a recommended policy for hospitals to manage the risk of nosocomial infections effectively?

A. Reducing the number of hospital beds
B. Encouraging shorter visits for family and friends
C. Implementing comprehensive infection control programs
D. Decreasing the use of electronic medical records

A

C. Implementing comprehensive infection control programs

HSS1100 Microbiology and Immunology (13 decks)

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