Practice Q's

Question 1

more than half of the delay of signal in heart occurs in which area?

Answer 1

AV node

Question 2

in a typical ekg, which wave occurs at beginning of atrial contraction

Answer 2

p wave

Question 3

what event is not normally seen on an ekg?

Answer 3

atrial repolarization

Question 4

what is the direction of the 3 bipolar leads?

Answer 4

1 = 0 degrees
2 = 60 degrees
3 = 120 degrees

Question 5

which bipolar lead is connected to both arms?

Answer 5

lead I

Question 6

which bipolar lead has the highest amplitude for the normal qrs wave? and what is the reason to describe this?

Answer 6

lead II because it is most parallel to the vector for the depolarization qrs wave

Question 7

what is the mean electrical axis of the normal ventricles

Answer 7

59

Question 8

what conditions result in tachycardia

Answer 8

1. toxic conditions of the heart
2. increased body temp.
3. sympathetic nerve stimulation

Question 9

an ekg with all normal waves present but they are spread far apart

Answer 9

sinus bradycardia

Question 10

an ekg with P waves that don’t always have an associated QRS complex

Answer 10

AV block

Question 11

circus mvts are the basis of

Answer 11

heart fibrillation

Question 12

84% of blood is in the

Answer 12

systemic circulation

Question 13

64% of systemic blood is found in

Answer 13

veins

Question 14

blood flow resistance is inversely proportional to which of the following?
viscosity
vessel diameter
density
1 and 3

Answer 14

vessel diameter

Question 15

if rate of blood flow thru entire system is 100mL/sec and pressure difference between systemic arteries and veins is 100mmHg, what is the total peripheral resistance?

Answer 15

1 PRU

Question 16

Reynolds number is a measure of ?

Answer 16

tendency for turbulence

Question 17

what is the viscosity of blood with a hematocrit of 38-42?

Answer 17

3.0

Question 18

veins are about ____ distensible than that of arteries

Answer 18

8x more distensible

Question 19

vascular compliance is _____ to volume increase and ________ to pressure

Answer 19

directly

indirectly related

Question 20

what is the measure of the ease with which a hollow viscus may be distended?

Answer 20

compliance

Question 21

what is true of compliance and elastance, when there is a greater amount of elastic tissue in a blood vessel

Answer 21

lower compliance

greater elastance

Question 22

high resistance is what group of vessels results in a disappearance in the phasic pressure pattern such seen in the aorta?

Answer 22

systemic arterioles

Question 23

which forces tends to move fluid inward at the arterial end of the capillary?

1. capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. neg. interstitial free fluid pressure
3. plasma colloid osmotic pressure
4. interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 23

3. plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Question 24

capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 24

blood pressure going into capillary

push fluid out of arterioles

Question 25

negative interstitial free fluid pressure

Answer 25

neg. pressure in interstitial fluid
very small pressure
pulls fluid out of arterioles

Question 26

interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 26

pressure generated by proteins and particular matter in interstitial fluid

pulls fluid out of arterioles

Question 27

plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 27

generated by proteins in blood
mostly by albumins

will pull fluid inward at arterial end

Question 28

if mean capillary pressure is 17.3, neg. interstitial free fluid is 3.0, and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure is 8.0 and plasma colloid osmotic pressure is 28. what is the total inward force?

Answer 28

28.0

17. 3 = outward
18. 0 = outward
19. 0 = outward
20. 0 = inward

Question 29

a rapid increase in arterial pressure causes an immediate rise in blood flow. but within less than a minute, the blood flow in most tissues returns to almost normal, even though arterial pressure is kept elevated. the return of flow is due to ….. ?

Answer 29

autoregulation of blood flow

Question 30

what factor is most responsible for controlling the rate of blood flow to each tissue of the body so that it is precisely controlled in relation to tissue need?

Answer 30

oxygen and accumulation of tissue waste products

each tissue of the body = local control
systemic control is entire body not local

Question 31

which of the following substances would not result in vasocontriction?

a. epinephrine
b. angiotensin II
c. NO
d. endothelin

Answer 31

nitric oxide

a vasodilator