Practice Mid Term Questions Flashcards
environment of Kung related to fertility
Semi desert environment (Kalahari)
= low reproductive rates (+TFR) due to food limits (sparse food, scarce water, uncertainty in hunting) and energy for foraging)
why is kung monogamous
patches not rich enough to support higher density of women and
hard to defend women from other males since they forage far from camp
Men low predictably of hunt > small game patches > limited band size > decrease polygyny
when do Kung females have first child and marry
approx 2 years after menarche (husband provides game to bride)
IBI of Kung
IBI 4-5 years and shorter IBI may contribute to infanticide of younger child
Unable to nurse two children and weaning foods difficult
also related to walking to gather food = longer ibi
explain parenting on Kung
Females more contact with infants due to nursing; allocare reduces energy drain in later childhood (post wean)
Children grow up slow (considered to have “no sense” til 15 yrs+), long time for learning info for foraging
define carrying capacity
number of individuals of a species that can be supported by a given environment with a given technology for accessing those resources
culture core relation to carrying capacity
tech > resources = increase carrying capacity w/out changing enviro
why polygyny more common in pastoral and horti than hg
- higher pop dens (richer food) > smaller areas for females to live
// easy to monopolise vs hg smaller dens
status of men
wealth inequality
pattern of reproduction of low juvenile mortality mammal
more competition > longer development
high investment > fewer litter + longer development
(both elect for longer IBI)
How does sexual selection differ from NS
ss- referring specifically to certain processes that can increase numbers/quality of offspring that generally differ for males and females
increased parental investment of small animal can result in
dec litter size > inc lactation ect, > inc body size > // able to reproduce and survive better
what is quantity / quality trade off
investing more parental care to lesser offspring and so selecting higher quality care to fewer infants
than risking lower care to more children
why do risky sexual selection traits evolve if theres a higher survival cost
over increase in reproduction
repro (benefit) outweighs dec survival (cost)
what does demographic differences refer to
fertility, mortality, pop dens, mating systems
why is tech and resources at centre of culture core
enviro= competition aspect, determines energy input (food) tech= how well we access resources
