Practice Exam - Terms to Review Flashcards
H-1B visa
Applicants are eligible if they possess a bachelor’s degree or foreign equivalent and work in a specialty occupation as defined as USCIS. It is valid for 3 years, then renewable for another 3 years for a total of 6 years.
Expectancy theory of motivation
An individual’s choice is driven by how desirable the outcome is.
PAPA Model
- Park: The slow things that have a low probability of happening, we park. We do not forget about them.
- Adapt: The slow things that we know will happen or are highly likely to happen, we adapt to those trends.
- Prepare: The things that have a low probability of happening, but, if they do, they materialize fast, we need to be prepared for this – make contingency plans and apply early warnings and whatever mitigation we can put in place to make sure that we can cover these should they materialize, but they are not expected to.
- Act: High-probability and fast-moving things that we need to act on now in order to make sure the strategy will be relevant.
(photo in word doc)
Balanced scorecard
Shows if the HR strategy is in alignment with and supports the company’s strategic direction. It can be used to assess the performance of the HR department and gauge the value it provides for the organization.
Codetermination
A practice where workers of an enterprise have the right to vote for representatives on the board of directors.
Asynchronous learning
Employees can access the material anytime anywhere
Synchronous learning
Employees go through the training material at the same time and communicate with each other in real time.
Employment Practices Liability Insurance (EPLI)
Insurance for companies that protects them in case they get sued by an employee. It covers legal costs and settlement fees related to the suit.
Value chain
The sum of all interrelated actions, inputs, and processes that contribute to the design, creation, and production of a product or service until it is received by a customer.
Short-form application
For applications that are completed in-house (internal applicants), short-form applications are usually best. The company will already have most of the employee’s information on file and simply needs a formal application for the new job rather than an extensive application detailing information the company already has.
Job-specific application
used largely for hiring a number of employees for similar positions
Brown bag meeting
considered a bottom-up form of communication. Employees are invited to take part in the discussion and share their ideas.
Line of sight
exists when employees feel that their performance will determine their compensation in the future. Companies in which employees have line of sight tend to have higher levels of performance.
Patterned interview
covers a predetermined set of subjects, but does not adhere to a script. The interviewer will know in advance what topics are to be discussed, but will not have a list of questions to be asked verbatim.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
Was intended to improve accounting practices within public companies. One of the consequences of this act is that CEOs may be punished for fraudulent financial reports. This act was passed in 2002 after several large corporations, most notably Enron, collapsed under the weight of unethical accounting and executive mismanagement. The intention of this act was to make top officials culpable for dishonest and reckless accounting. It explicitly forbade employees from trading stocks during pension fund blackout periods, and asserted that companies must have their stock appraised by a certified external organization. The act also declared that audit partner assignments must alternate every five years.
Rehabilitation act
Penalized businesses for discriminating against employees who have a disability.
Responsibility of the DOJ
Enforcing privacy laws
Responsibility of the EEOC
Enforces civil rights laws and defends workers against discrimination in the workplace. More reactive than the OFCCP – investigates individual claims of discrimination.
Responsibility of the OFCCP
Also enforces civil rights laws. Main difference with the EEOC is that the OFCCP’s mission is to work with federal contractors to proactively promote equal employment opportunities.
Responsibility of the Federal Trade Commission
Enforces antitrust laws and protects consumers
Responsibility of the DOL
Enforces labor laws pertaining to workplace safety, wage laws, federally required benefits, and other worker related protections. Polygraph testing also fall under the DOL.
Responsibility of the Securities and Exchange Commission
Covers workplace security (primarily financial security) and is responsible for enforcing corporate governance.
Trade Adjustment Assistance
Established in 2002 to help those adversely affected by the rise in imported goods. If three or more workers from the same business meet the eligibility requirements, they may receive retraining and employment advice at federal centers.
Requirements:
- The employer’s sales must have declined
- Applicable only to manufacturing sector workers
- Increased imports must have caused job loss
Federal Register
The Daily Journal of the US Government where proposed rules, significant documents, notices, and other public information is posted by federal agencies and bodies. Administrative laws take effect 30 days after being published in the Federal Register.
Delphi Technique
Method of decision-making where a panel of anonymous experts is given a short questionnaire. Their written responses are subjected to another series of questions. This process continues until a consensus is reached. This technique is good for getting a wide range of honest perspectives, and is convenient when the participants are geographically distant from one another.
Positive time reporting
Method of reporting the Department of Labor prefers with regard to time worked by employees who are nonexempt under FLSA. This method is considered more effective because it gives a clear indication of the hours worked, without the need for any calculation.
Binding arbitration
Both parties agree to accept whatever decision is reached by the third-party judge
Compulsory arbitration
Exists when the terms of a contract dictate that any future disputes will be settled through arbitration
Ad hoc arbitration
A one-time dispute resolution aimed at handling one particular problem.
OSHA Form 300
Intended to be a log of work-related injuries and illnesses
OSHA Form 300A
Intended to be a summary of work-related injuries and illnesses
OSHA Form 301
Intended to be an injury and illness incident report
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency to assign more responsibility for negative behavior to personality or effort rather than to environment. It creates problems for organizations when managers punish poor performers rather than try to resolve the issues that are responsible for the poor performance.
Union election bar: Blocking-charge bar
Occurs when an unfair labor practice remains pending.
Union election bar: voluntary-recognition bar
Occurs when the employer voluntarily recognizes the union as the primary bargaining unit for employees.
Union election bar: certification-year bar
Results when the NLRB has recently recognized and certified a representative for bargaining on behalf of the union.
Union election bar: prior-petition bar
Results when the union withdraws an election request petition and resubmits it.