Practical study Flashcards
Synapomorphy
A synapomorphy is a shared derived characteristic or trait that is present in two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor but is absent in more distant ancestors.
Symplesiomorphy
A symplesiomorphy is a shared ancestral characteristic or trait that is present in two or more taxa, including their most recent common ancestor, and is also present in more distant ancestors.
Unlike synapomorphies, symplesiomorphies do not provide useful information for determining evolutionary relationships because they are shared by a broader range of organisms.
How do tuincates and lancelets get food?
Filter feeding
what is the sister clade for urochordates
cephalochordates
Synapomorphies of chordates
notochord
hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
endostyle
post-anal tail
What is the function of gill slits in cephalochordata
filter feeding
what non-vert chordate is sessile
tunicates
what are the synapomorphies for Myxinoidea
Accessory hearts, oral tentacles, slime glands
Lingual cartilage is a synap. for which clade?
cyclostomes (living jawless fish)
jaws and gill arches are a synapomorphy for which clade
gnathostomata
what do myxinoidea and petromyzontoidea lack from the rest of extant verts
lack jaws
what are the differences between lamprey and hag fish feeding behavior
hagfish are scavengers
lamprey are parasitic
What are the teeth of lampreys made of?
keratin
what are shark teeth made of
dentine
Do lampreys and hagfish have vertebrae?
NO, they have arcualia
what are the 3 parts of the lampreys heart?
atrium, ventricle, sinus venosus
What does this picture show?
Tunicate
What does this picture show
Amphioxus
What is the subphylum of amphioxus
cephalochordata
what is the subphylum of the tunicate
urochordata
what are the cephalochordate synaps.
notocord
hollow nerve cord
pharynegeal slits
endostyle
Myxinoidea
Petromyzontoidea
Holocephali
(ratfish)
Neoselanchii
(dogfish shark)
Batoidea
(ray)
Batoidea
(skate)
Atherinomorpha
Clupeomorpha
Lepisosteidae (gar)
Esociformes (esox)
amphioxus
Ammocoetes
Synap of chondricthyes
tessellated endoskeleton mineralization and
Placoid scales (dermal denticles)
differences between neo and elasmobranchii
neo is extant (living sharks)
external structures of holocephali
(Chimaeras)
long spines w/ venom
large pectoral fins, useful for feeding
electroreceptive organs that can detect prey
Synap of petromyzontidae
jawless mouth
notochord
circular mouth with teeth
cartilaginous skeleton
synap. of osteichthyes
endochondral bone
operculum
replacement teeth
branchiostegal rays
what clades make up osteichthyes
sarcopterygii and actinopterygii
What clade does the gar belong to?
Actinopterygii
what is a synap of actinopterygii
single dorsal fin
scales composed of genoine
everted cerebral hemispheres
mobile maxilla is a synap for which clade?
neopterygii
what is a syanp for ascipenseriformes (sturgeon)
reduced endochondral bone
what are the synap of sarcopterygii
scales made of cosmine
monobasic paired fins
intracranial joint bewteen anterior and posterior portions of the braincase(involved in suction feeding)
1
Nerve cord
2
notocord
3
postanal-tail
4
pharyngeal slits
5
Lancelet (amphioxus)
6
endostyle
what stage is this in?
Adult
1
notocord
2
nerve cord
3
post anal tail
4
endostyle
5
pharyngeal slits
6
tunicate
What stage is this in?
Larval