Practical study

Question 1

Synapomorphy

Answer 1

A synapomorphy is a shared derived characteristic or trait that is present in two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor but is absent in more distant ancestors.

Question 2

Symplesiomorphy

Answer 2

A symplesiomorphy is a shared ancestral characteristic or trait that is present in two or more taxa, including their most recent common ancestor, and is also present in more distant ancestors.
Unlike synapomorphies, symplesiomorphies do not provide useful information for determining evolutionary relationships because they are shared by a broader range of organisms.

Question 3

How do tuincates and lancelets get food?

Answer 3

Filter feeding

Question 4

what is the sister clade for urochordates

Answer 4

cephalochordates

Question 5

Synapomorphies of chordates

Answer 5

notochord
hollow nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
endostyle
post-anal tail

Question 6

What is the function of gill slits in cephalochordata

Answer 6

filter feeding

Question 7

what non-vert chordate is sessile

Answer 7

tunicates

Question 8

what are the synapomorphies for Myxinoidea

Answer 8

Accessory hearts, oral tentacles, slime glands

Question 9

Lingual cartilage is a synap. for which clade?

Answer 9

cyclostomes (living jawless fish)

Question 10

jaws and gill arches are a synapomorphy for which clade

Answer 10

gnathostomata

Question 11

what do myxinoidea and petromyzontoidea lack from the rest of extant verts

Answer 11

lack jaws

Question 12

what are the differences between lamprey and hag fish feeding behavior

Answer 12

hagfish are scavengers
lamprey are parasitic

Question 13

What are the teeth of lampreys made of?

Answer 13

keratin

Question 14

what are shark teeth made of

Answer 14

dentine

Question 15

Do lampreys and hagfish have vertebrae?

Answer 15

NO, they have arcualia

Question 16

what are the 3 parts of the lampreys heart?

Answer 16

atrium, ventricle, sinus venosus

Question 17

What does this picture show?

Answer 17

Tunicate

Question 18

What does this picture show

Answer 18

Amphioxus

Question 19

What is the subphylum of amphioxus

Answer 19

cephalochordata

Question 20

what is the subphylum of the tunicate

Answer 20

urochordata

Question 21

what are the cephalochordate synaps.

Answer 21

notocord
hollow nerve cord
pharynegeal slits
endostyle

Question 22

Answer 22

Myxinoidea

Question 23

Answer 23

Petromyzontoidea

Question 24

Answer 24

Holocephali
(ratfish)

Question 25

Answer 25

Neoselanchii (dogfish shark)

Question 26

Answer 26

Batoidea (ray)

Question 27

Answer 27

Batoidea (skate)

Question 28

Answer 28

Atherinomorpha

Question 29

Answer 29

Clupeomorpha

Question 30

Answer 30

Lepisosteidae (gar)

Question 31

Answer 31

Esociformes (esox)

Question 32

Answer 32

amphioxus

Question 33

Answer 33

Ammocoetes

Question 34

Synap of chondricthyes

Answer 34

tessellated endoskeleton mineralization and Placoid scales (dermal denticles)

Question 35

differences between neo and elasmobranchii

Answer 35

neo is extant (living sharks)

Question 36

external structures of holocephali

Answer 36

(Chimaeras) long spines w/ venom large pectoral fins, useful for feeding electroreceptive organs that can detect prey

Question 37

Synap of petromyzontidae

Answer 37

jawless mouth notochord circular mouth with teeth cartilaginous skeleton

Question 38

synap. of osteichthyes

Answer 38

endochondral bone operculum replacement teeth branchiostegal rays

Question 39

what clades make up osteichthyes

Answer 39

sarcopterygii and actinopterygii

Question 40

What clade does the gar belong to?

Answer 40

Actinopterygii

Question 41

what is a synap of actinopterygii

Answer 41

single dorsal fin scales composed of genoine everted cerebral hemispheres

Question 42

mobile maxilla is a synap for which clade?

Answer 42

neopterygii

Question 43

what is a syanp for ascipenseriformes (sturgeon)

Answer 43

reduced endochondral bone

Question 44

what are the synap of sarcopterygii

Answer 44

scales made of cosmine monobasic paired fins intracranial joint bewteen anterior and posterior portions of the braincase(involved in suction feeding)

Question 45

1

Answer 45

Nerve cord

Question 46

2

Answer 46

notocord

Question 47

3

Answer 47

postanal-tail

Question 48

4

Answer 48

pharyngeal slits

Question 49

5

Answer 49

Lancelet (amphioxus)

Question 50

6

Answer 50

endostyle

Question 51

what stage is this in?

Answer 51

Adult

Question 52

1

Answer 52

notocord

Question 53

2

Answer 53

nerve cord

Question 54

3

Answer 54

post anal tail

Question 55

4

Answer 55

endostyle

Question 56

5

Answer 56

pharyngeal slits

Question 57

6

Answer 57

tunicate

Question 58

What stage is this in?

Answer 58

Larval