Exam 2 (synapomorphies) Flashcards
1
Q
Tetrapoda
A
- Hand/feet w/ digits
- olecranon process on the ulna
- modified pectoral girle (enlarged to allow weight transfer to limbs)
2
Q
Sarcopterygia
A
- Scales made of cosmine
- monobasic paired fins
- Intracranial joint
3
Q
Lissamphibians
A
- Cutaneous gas exchnage
- skin glands (posion and mucus)
- Carnivory
- Green rods (see blue/violet light)
- Papilla amphibiorum
- Pedicellate, bicuspid teeth
4
Q
Amniota
A
- Amniote egg
- Waterproof skin
- Penis
- Metanephric kidney (improved water retention)
- Costal aspiration (rib breathing)
- Astragalus bone and mesotarsal joint (allows foot lever)
5
Q
Sauropsid
A
Extant reptiles that originally had diaspid skulls
6
Q
Lepidosaur
A
- overlapping keratinous scales
- epidermal cells shed at intervals
- transverse cloacal slit
- autotomy plane in caudal vertebrate
7
Q
Squamates
A
- Determinate growth
- Bilateral penises (2)
- Modification on skull for flexibility
- pleurodont teeth
8
Q
Rhynchocephallia
A
Acrodont dentition
rootless, teeth fused to the jaw bone
9
Q
Turtles (testudines)
A
- Shell of bone and keratin
- vertebrae fused to shell
- no teeth
- ability to retract head
10
Q
Crocodylians
A
- Secondary bony palate
- Integumentary organs
- 4-chamber heart
11
Q
Archosauria
A
- teeth are laterally compressed
- elongation of the pubis/ ischium
- reduction/absence of 5th toe
- gizzard
- 4-chamber heart
12
Q
Avemetatarsalia
A
- Mostly small
- hind limbs much longer than fore limbs
- 5 toes on front feed
13
Q
Dinosaurs
A
- Perforated acetabulum
- postcranial pneumatization
- erect stance
14
Q
Theropods
A
- Air sac system
- Furcula
15
Q
Aves
A
- Paedomorphic skull (enlarged orbits)
- Coracoids
- Wish bone furcula
- Pemaceous feathers
- clawless forelimbs
- No teeth
- Dont have temp dependent sex determinism
