Exam 1 concepts and ideas Flashcards
What inferences can we make from phylogenetic trees
how closely or distantly related species are to each other
Synap. of Vertebrates
Hollow nerve cord
notocord
pharyngeal slits
features of Cephalochordates (amphioxus)
no distinguishable head
pharyngeal slits
myomeres
cerebral vesicle
skin lacks pigment, single layer of cells
features of urochordates
(seasquirts/tunicates)
chordate characteristics only in larval form
most adults are sesssile
How do chordates and non-vert chordates differ?
chordates do not have a vertebral column
What do chordates and non-vert chordates share?
nerve cord
pharyngeal slits
notocord
post-anal tail
Unique developmental characteristics of vertebrates
neural crest cells
neurogenic placodes
repeated duplication of hox genes
increased number of micro rna
Vertebrate organ systems and function
integumentary- skin and accessory organs
Skeletal- bones and joints
muscular- voluntary and involuntary movement
Nervous-transmit signals from brain to the rest of the body
endocrine- regulate internal function
digestive- food processing
excretory- kidneys filter waste from blood/ body salt and water balance
reproductive- gonads
the senses in vertebrates
chemo-sensation
vision
electroreception
mechanoreception
vestibular system- orientation
hearing
characteristics of cyclostomata
(living jawless fish)
single nostril
pouched gill
velum
arcualia
features of myxinoidea (hagfish)
large mucus glands
long and scaleless, pink
about 1/2 meters in length
features of petromyzontoidea (lampreys)
1 meter adults
7 gill pores
4 eyes
toothed mouth
scaleless
one nostril
what are the conodonts? what are their unique features
(jawless fish)
extinct jawless fish
lack jaw
big eyes
basic characteristics of gnathostomes
(jawed vertebrates)
hypobrachial musculature (suction feeding)
jaws formed from mandibular gill arch
internal gill rackers
vertebrae have centra and ribs
What are placoderms
and extinct jawed fish
(bony shield)
