Practical Research Flashcards
This is one way of citing or referring to the author whose ideas appear in your work.
Integral Citation
This citation style downplays any strength of the writer’s personal characteristics. The stress is given to the piece of information rather than to the owner of the ideas.
Non-integral Citation
It is a shortened version of the original text that is expressed in your own language.
Summary
Instead of shortening the form of the text, you explain what the text means to you using your own words.
Paraphrase
Only a part of the author’s sentence, the wole sentence, or several sentences, not exceeding 40 words, is what you can quote or repeat in writing through this citation pattern. Since this makes you copy the exact words of the writer, it is necessary that you give the number of the page where the readers can find the copied words.
Short Direct Quotation
This citation pattern makes you copy the author’s exact words numbering from 40 up to 100 words. Under APA, the limit is eight lines. Placed at the center of the page with no indentation, the copied lines look like they compose a stanza of a poem.
Long Direct Quotation or Block Quotation
Active verbs are effective words to use in reporting authors’ ideas.
Tense of verbs for reporting
- Any systematic investigation of any social or cultural phenomena where results and conclusions are aimed at contributing to generalize knowledge.
Research
- A systematized and organized body of knowledge.
Science
- Refers to a standardized set of techniques for building scientific knowledge.
Scientific Method
done in an orderly manner; it follows a system that applies logic at many points.
Systematic
carefully planned and does not allow any intuition without basis, problem is thoroughly defined, variables are identified and instruments are carefully selected or constructed.
Controlled
conclusions are based on evidences which are gathered carefully through the use of carefully selected (adapted or adopted), or researcher-made instruments.
Empirical
conclusions are made through critical evaluation of data which enable the researcher to develop full confidence in the results or outcomes of the research.
Critical
it starts with identifying a problem and ends with introducing possible future problems to be addressed.
Cyclical
the research processes and procedures are transmittable which enable the other researchers to replicate them and assess their validity.
Universal
the researcher may use the results of a study and/or build upon the research results of another.
Replicable
Importance of Qualitative Research
- It promotes a full understanding of human behavior or personality traits in their natural setting.
- From a __________ researcher’s viewpoint, these qualitative data resulting from naturalistic approach of research serves as the basis for determining universal social values to define ethical or unethical behavior that society ought to know, not only for the benefit of every individual and community but also for the satisfaction of man’s quest for knowledge.
social science
- In the _______________, man’s social life is also subjected to research studies. However, researchers in this area give emphasis not to man’s social life, but to the study of the meanings, significance, and visualizations of human experiences.
field of Humanities
- In the ________________ such as marketing, man’s thoughts and feelings still take center stage in any research studies. It increases man’s understanding of the truths in line with markets and marketing activities, making him more intelligent in arriving at decisions about these aspects of his life.
field of soft sciences
- under the field of anthropology, __________ is the study of a particular cultural group to get a clear understanding of its organizational set up, internal operation, and lifestyle. This is to reveal the nature and characteristics of their own culture through the world’s perceptions of the cultural group’s members.
Ethnography
- From the word “phenomenon”
- Refers to the study of how people find their experiences meaningful. Its primary goal is to make people understand their life experiences.
Phenomenology
- Requires an analysis or examination of the substance or content of the mode of communication (books, journals, photos, etc.) used by person, group, organization or in any institution in communicating.
- A study of language structures used in the medium of communication to discover the effects of sociological, cultural, institutional, and ideological factors on the content makes it a discourse analysis.
Content and Discourse Analysis
- Examination of primary documents to make you understand the connection of past events to the present time.
Historical Analysis
- Discovering a new theory under your study at the time of data collection and thorough observation.
Grounded Theory