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1st Day of Exams > DRRR > Flashcards

DRRR Flashcards

1
Q

“Disastre” “Des”

A

Bad

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2
Q

“Astre”

A

Star

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3
Q

Serious disruption to the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic, or environmental
losses and impact. Associated with a large-scale destructive with
a large-scale destructive event such as
typhoons, earthquakes, and volcanic
eruptions, among others.

A

Disaster

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4
Q

Is a source or a situation with the potential
for harm in terms of human injury or illhealth, damage to property, damage to the
environment, or a combination of these

A

Hazards

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5
Q

A __________ is any phenomena that has the
potential to cause destruction to life and
property. A hazard become a disaster when
the potential to cause destruction is fulfilled.

A

hazard

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6
Q

A hazard become a disaster when
the potential to cause destruction is fulfilled.
When there is harm to life and property of
humans, the hazard is termed a

A

Disasters

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7
Q

A system which considers a country’s
vulnerability and exposure to hazard. Indicators are grouped into exposure,
susceptibility, coping capacity, and adaptive
capacity.

A

World Risk Index

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8
Q

exposure to earthquake, cyclone,
flood, drought, and sea level rise

A

Exposure

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9
Q

rated off its population’s access
to improved sanitation and water supply,
percentage of undernourished, dependency
ratio, population od those below the poverty
line, GDP per capita, and GINI index

A

Susceptibility

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10
Q

the following indicators are
rated: corruption perception index, failed states
index, number of physicians per 10,000 people,
and insurance coverage

A

Coping Capacity

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11
Q

the following indicators are
rated: adult literacy rate, combined gross
enrolment ratio, gender parity in education,
women in national parliament, water quantity,
biodiversity and habitat, forestry management,
agriculture on health per capita, life expectancy
at birth and expenditure on health per capita

A

Adaptive Capacity

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12
Q

Refers to those people or properties which
are directly affected by natural disasters. The extent of the effect in terms of land area
or number of personas of a natural hazard
towards a community

A

Exposure

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13
Q

Is defined as composing several physical,
social environmental, or economic factors
that increase the susceptibility of a
population or community to a national hazard. State of being open to damage or injury.

A

Vulnerability

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14
Q

Defined as the measure of losses-deaths,
injuries, and damage to property due to
particular combination of hazards, exposure
and vulnerability

A

Risk

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15
Q

Related to natural processes that occur on
Earth with or without warning

A

Natural Disasters

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16
Q

Often occur once the precursor sets in. Man-made disasters have an element of
human intent, negligence, or error involving a
failure of a man-made system, as opposed to
natural disasters resulting from natural
hazards.

A

Human made Disasters

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17
Q

Impacts of Disasters

A
  • Medical effects
    Ex; Traumatic injuries & emotonal stress
  • Damage to critical facilities
    Ex; transmission facilities & water facilities
  • Disruption of transportation
    Ex; Broken bridges & Roads
  • Economic Impact
    Ex; Business operations & Economic activities
  • Global environmental change
    Ex; long term consequences of diff. hazards
  • Social and Political Impact
    Ex; less fortunate people
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18
Q

Are naturally occurring physical phenomena
caused either by rapid or slow onset events
which can be geophysical (earthquakes,
landslides, tsunamis and volcanic activity),
hydrological (avalanches and floods),
climatological (extreme temperatures,
drought and wildfires), meteorological
(cyclones and storms/wave surges) or
biological (disease epidemics and
insect/animal plagues)

A

Natural Disasters

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19
Q

A hazard originating from technological or
industrial conditions, including accidents,
dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures,
or specific human activities

A

Man-Made Disasters

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20
Q

Flooding and drought can fall under this category if
these are due to deforestation

A

Socio-natural Hazards

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21
Q

a rising and overflowing of a body of
water especially onto normally dry land

A

Floods

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22
Q

the usually rapid downward
movement of a mass of rock, earth, or artificial
fill on a slope

A

Landslides

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23
Q

a shaking or trembling of the
earth that is volcanic or tectonic in origin

A

Earthquake

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24
Q

a period of dryness especially when
prolonged

A

Drought

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25
Q

Process or phenomenon or organic origin or
conveyed by biological vectors/agents,
including exposure to pathogenic
microorganisms, toxins and bioactive
substances

A

Biological Hazards

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26
Q

is an extreme natural
event in the crust of the earth that pose a
threat to life and property, for example,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis
(tidal waves) and landslides

A

Geological Hazards

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27
Q

Process or phenomenon of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic nature that
may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods
and services, social and economic disruption,
or environmental change

A

Hydrometeorological Hazards

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28
Q

those coming directly from the
incident itself

A

Primary Effect

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29
Q

associated with, but not a
direct response to the event

A

Secondary Effect

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30
Q

a long term or permanent
changes due to the event

A

Tertiary Effects

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31
Q

Is defined as a potentially-damaging physical
event that may cause the loss or injury, property
damage, social economic disruption, or
environmental degradation

A

Hazards

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32
Q

What drives exposure?

A
  • Population growth
  • Migration
  • Urbanization
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33
Q

How do we reduce exposure?

A
  • Zoning Laws
  • Relocation
  • Forced Evacuation
  • Stronger Laws
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34
Q

Vulnerability may refer to the following

A

▪ Disregard for environmental
management
▪ poorly-planned communities
▪ poorly-constructed infrastructures and
homes
▪ lack of public information and
awareness on preparedness and risks

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35
Q

Who are so called Most Vulnerable Sectors?

A
  • Urban poor
  • Laborers
  • Indigenous people
  • PWD’s
  • Women
  • Children
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36
Q

Who are so called Less Vulnerable Sectors?

A
  • Professionals
  • Small entrepreneur
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37
Q

Who are so called Not Vulnerable Sectors?

A

High class/ High position in the community

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38
Q

Categories of Vulnerability

A
  • Physical/Material Vulnerability
  • Social/Organizational Vulnerability
  • Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability
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39
Q

the hottest and innermost layer

A

Core

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40
Q

thick second layer of the Earth

A

Mantle

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41
Q

thinner layer of Earth that covers the
mantle

A

Crust

42
Q

the inner layer – hotter, and
more easily to deformed

A

Asthenosphere

43
Q

outer layer – composed of large
block referred to as tectonic plates

A

Lithosphere

44
Q

noticed that some of
the boundaries of continents seem to fit into
the boundaries of other continents

A

1512, Abraham Ortelius

45
Q

proposed the theory of
continental drift, noticed that when the real
edges of the continent, including the shallow
submerged continental shelves, were
considered

A

1912, Alfred Wegener

46
Q

formalized the theory of
seafloor spreading – suggested that the ocean
floor can be viewed as giant conveyor belts that
carry the continents

A

1960, Harry Hess

47
Q

Any faults that is likely to have another
earthquake sometime in the future

A

Active Faults

48
Q

Are areas where tectonic plates converge.
Subduction zones are large boundaries and, as
such, capable of generating large earthquakes. These plates are pieces of crust that have been
moving in the surface of the planet for millions
of years.

A

Subduction Zones

49
Q

WEST AND EAST VALLEY FAULTS

A

Rodriguez, Rizal
San Mateo, Rizal
Marikina
Pasig
Taguig
Muntinlupa
San Pedro
Binan
Carmona
Santa Rosa
Calamba
Tagaytay
Oriental Mindoro

50
Q

EASTERN PHILIPPINE FAULTS

A

Luzon Sea
Mindoro Strait
Panay Gulf
Sulu Sea
Philippine Sea

51
Q

SOUTH OF MINDANAO FAULTS

A

Moro Gulf
Celebes
Sea

52
Q

CENTRAL PHILIPPINE FAULT

A

Ilocos Sur
Ilocos Norte
La Union
Pangasinan
Nueva Ecija
Aurora
Quezon
Masbate
Eastern Leyte
Southern Leyte
Agusan Del Norte
Agusan Del Sur
Davao Del Norte
Davao Oriental

53
Q

PHIVOLCS

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

54
Q

is the sudden movement of the
ground that releases elastic energy stored in
rocks and generates seismic wave

A

Earthquake

55
Q

is the spot where the
earthquake began

A

Focus of an earthquake

56
Q

is the point on
Earth’s surface located directly above the focus
of an earthquake

A

Epicenter of an earthquake

57
Q

Can be anything that includes a physical
phenomenon associated with an earthquake
that may produce adverse effects on human
activities. Anything that can be moved, fall off, or be
toppled when the ground starts to shake and
cause emotional and physical pain is an
earthquake hazard.

A

Earthquake Hazard

58
Q

direct results of
the movement of the ground

A

Primary Earthquake Hazards

59
Q

Describes the vibration of the
ground when an earthquake
occurs, usually recorded in
terms of intensity. It can be seen as both a hazard
created by earthquake, and a
trigger for other hazard such as
liquefaction and landslides.

A

Ground Shaking

60
Q

When an earthquake event
occurs, ground ruptures happen
only at the area where the fault
zone moves. It is an offset of the ground
surface when fault rupture
extends to the surface

A

Ground Rupture

61
Q

is not a single
line with a fixed width, but a
zone with variable width
fractures have developed. These are called ________________

A

Surface rupture. deformation
zones

62
Q

Occurs when sand or soil and
groundwater are mixed during
the shaking of a moderate or
strong earthquake

A

Liquefication

63
Q

It includes a wide range of
ground movement such as rock
fall, rock slide, debris slide, and
shallow debris flow. If the ground is saturated with
water, the shaking will result in
more landslides

A

Landslides

64
Q

A standing wave in an enclosed
or partially enclosed body of
water. Triggered by earthquake waves,
seiche and seiche-related
problems have been observed
on lakes, reservoirs, swimming
pools, bays, harbors, and seas

A

Seiche

65
Q

are the results
of the primary hazards, distinguished from
indirect effects

A

Secondary Earthquake Hazards

66
Q
  • When tsunami hits land, the
    water that remains can flood
    the coastal areas
  • A landslide that hits a river can
    cause the water to swell and
    pour out on the areas beside
    the river
  • When earthquakes break dam,
    the water overflowing can
    cause massive flooding in the
    low-lying areas
  • Apart from incessant rain
    flooding can also be result of an
    earthquake
  • O matter what the cause is,
    flooding is also a possible
    reason for loss of life and
    damage to property
A

Flooding

67
Q
  • A major secondary hazard
    associated with an earthquake
    has been the possibility of fires
    breaking out after an
    earthquake
A

Fire

68
Q
  • Refers to a tidal wave, it has a
    little or nothing to do with the
    tides on the ocean
  • Tsunamis can be tens of feet
    high when they hit the shore
    and do enormous damage to
    coastline
  • It is actually a huge wave
    caused by an earthquake that
    originates under the ocean and
    can cause great destructions
    when it reaches the land
  • Tsunamis can also be generated
    by landslides, underwater
    volcanic eruptions, or even as
    event as far-fetched as an
    asteroid hitting the ocean
A

Tsunami

69
Q

tsunamis caused by earthquakes
from nearby trenches

A

Locally-generated tsunamis

70
Q

tsunamis generated by earthquakes
from sources that are
located farther from the
impact

A

Far-field tsunamis

71
Q
  • Is a measure of earthquake size
  • Magnitude measurement requires instrumental
    monitoring for its calculations
  • Remains unchanged with respect to the
    distance from the earthquake origin
A

Magnitude

72
Q

developed a system to measure the magnitude (or amount energy) of an earthquake

A

1935, Charles Richter

73
Q
  • Describes the degree of shaking caused by an
    earthquake at a given place and decreases with
    distance from the origin or epicenter
A

Intensity

74
Q
  • Measures the intensity or how strong the
    effects of the
    earthquakes are
A

Modified Mercalli scale

75
Q

A measuring instrument that creates the
seismogram, a record of the seismic waves from
an earthquake

A

Seismograph or seismometer

76
Q

Scales

A

Richter Scale
Modified Mercalli scale
PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale
Seismograph or seismometer

77
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
Before

A
  1. Know if your area or location is above or near a
    fault line
  2. Know the projected period and intensity of
    Faultline movement
  3. Prepare your survival kit
  4. Participate in an earthquake drill
  5. Check for possible sources of hazard which may
    be affected by the shaking of the ground
78
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
During

A
  1. Stay calm, alert, and focus
  2. Protect yourself by doing (Drop, Cover & Hold)
  3. Never use an elevator during earthquake
  4. Stay safe from falling objects
  5. Do not drive any vehicle during the earthquake
  6. Go to an open area or field
  7. Stay away from breakable materials such as
    glass
79
Q

WHAT TO DO WHEN THERE IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
After

A
  1. Stay calm, alert, and observe
  2. Look for any means of communication and
    source
  3. Go outside as fast as you can
  4. Check for inquiries and go to the nearest
    medical assistance
  5. Watch out for any chemicals or fire hazard that
    spilled or occurred in the area
80
Q

Are mountains that have the capacity to erupt
at any time. An opening in the Earth’s crust that allows
molten rock, gases and debris to escape to the
surface.

A

VOLCANOES

81
Q

molten (melted) rock is called when it
flows out of a volcano or volcanic vent.

A

Lava

82
Q

is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid
rock located under Earth’s surface

A

Magma

83
Q

is a partially or totally
molten body located in the crust and supplied
with magma from a deeper source, a reservoir

A

Magma Chamber

84
Q

the bowl-shaped opening at the top or
side of a volcano or top of a geyser through
which lava and gases are emitted

A

Crater

85
Q

Classifications of Volcanoes

A
  1. By Activity
  2. By Composition and Structure
  3. By Eruption
86
Q

one that has a tendency
to erupt or is already erupting. Examples
are Mt. Mayon and Mt. Bulusan.

A

Active volcano

87
Q

volcano that is not erupting
or is not going to erupt sometime in the
near future. Example is Mt. Pinatubo

A

Dormant

88
Q

volcanoes that have not
erupted in the last 30 000 to 40 000
years, and are not expected to erupt
anytime soon

A

Extinct

89
Q

a phenomenon
that can revive an extinct
volcanoes

A

Rejuvination

90
Q

is generally low, and
has dome shape, like the shield of
medieval knights, hence the name

A

Shield volcanoes

91
Q

considered to be simplest
volcano. Typically viewed as hardened
lava which piled up around the vent and
then formed a mountain.

A

Cinder cone

92
Q

formed by alternating layers of lava and
pyroclastic materials from multiple
eruptions that occurred through time

A

Stratovolcano or composite volcano

93
Q

happen due to
buildup of thick magma with high silica
content.

A

Explosive eruptions

94
Q

emits a lot
of lava coming from a fissure or a crack
on the surface

A

Quite or fissure eruptions

95
Q

a mudflow composed of rocky debris,
water, and pyroclastic material.

A

LAHAR

96
Q

produced by a combustion, volcanic
ash or tephra is hard, extremely abrasive, mildly
corrosive, conducts electricity when wet, and
does not dissolve in water

A

ASH FALL

97
Q

are high-density mixtures
of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that
move away from the vent that erupted them at
high speed.

A

PYROCLASTIC FLOW

98
Q

are basically rocks that
an erupting volcano sends into the air

A

BALLISTIC PROJECTILE

99
Q

dangerous due to their
temperature and toxicity.

A

VOLCANIC GASES

100
Q

described as a stream of molten
rocks that flows out of a volcano or volcanic
ven

A

LAVA FLOW

101
Q

Disaster Risk Management Cycle

A

Disaster > Response > Rehabilitation and Recovery > Prevention and Mitigation > Preparedness

1st Day of Exams (14 decks)

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