PRACTICAL II Flashcards
1
Q
Frontalis
A
O = Cranial aponeurosis I = Skin of eyebrows and root of nose A = Raises eyebrows
2
Q
Occipitalis
A
O = Occipital and temporal bones I = Cranial aponeurosis A = Pulls scalp posteriorly
3
Q
Orbicularis Oculi
A
O = Frontal and maxillary bones I = Inside of eyelid A = Draws eyelids inferiorly
4
Q
Orbicularis Oris
A
O = Madible and maxillary bones I = Skin/muscle around mouth A = Closes mouth and protrudes lips.
5
Q
Zygomaticus (major and minor)
A
O = Zygomatic bone I = Skin/ muscle at corner of map A = Elevates lateral corner of the mouth to smile
6
Q
Mentalis
A
O = Mandible I = Skin of chin A = Protrudes lower lip and wrinkles the chin
7
Q
Masseter
A
O = Zygomatic Arch and maxillary bone I = Angle and ramus of mandible A = Elevates mandible
8
Q
Temporalis
A
O = temporal fossa of temporal bone I = coronoid process of mandible A = Elevates and retracts jaw
9
Q
Buccinator
A
O = Posterior maxillary bone and mandible I = Orbicularis Oris A = Compresses cheeks as in whistling, blowing or sucking.
10
Q
Sternocleidomastoid
A
O = Manubrium of sternum and the clavicle
I = Mastoid process of temporal bone
A = Bilateral contraction: flexion of the neck forward
Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion, tilting head slightly upward and face to opposite side.
11
Q
External Intercostals
A
O = Inferior border of each rib I = Superior border of the rib below A = Pulls ribs to one another to elevate thoracic cavity, inspiration.
12
Q
Internal Intercostals
A
O = Superior border of each rib I = Inferior border of rib above A = Draws ribs together to depress thorax, expiration
13
Q
Diaphragm
A
O = Xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilage of last 6 ribs and lumbar vertebra. I = Central tendon of diaphragm A = Flattens to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, inspiration
14
Q
Rectus abdominis
A
O = pubic crest and symphysis I = xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 A = flexes and rotates vertebral column
15
Q
External Oblique
A
O = ribs 4-12 I = Iliac crest, linea alba, pubic crest and tubercles A = Flexes and rotates vertebral column
16
Q
Internal Oblique
A
O = Iliac crest, lumber fascia I = Linea alba, pubic crest, inferior borders of ribs 9-12 A = Flexes and rotates vertebral column
17
Q
Transversus Abdominus
A
O = Iliac crest, lumber facia, inguinal ligament I = Linea alba and pubic crest A = Flexes and rotates vertebral column
18
Q
Erector Spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis)
A
O = Iliac crest, transverse process of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, and or ribs 3-6. I = Ribs and transverse processes of vertebrae about 6 segments above origin. A = Extends and laterally rotates the vertebral column
19
Q
Pectoralis Major
A
O = Clavicle, sternum and cartilage of ribs 2-6 I = Fibers converge to form a short tendon that inserts into the intertubercular groove of the humerus A = Flexes, adducts and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder.
20
Q
Deltoid
A
O = Acromion and spine of scapula, lateral third of clavicle. I = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus A = Abduction of the arm at the soulder
21
Q
Serratus Anterior
A
O = 1st to 8th rib I = Vertebral border of scapula A = Protracts the shoulder, upward rotation of the scapula
22
Q
Pectoralis minor
A
O = 3rd, 4th, 5th rib near costal cartilages I = Coracoid process of scapula A = Adducts and protracts the shoulder
23
Q
Subscapularis
A
O = subscapular fossa I = Lesser tubercles of humerus A = Medially rotates the arm
24
Q
Leavator Scapulae
A
O = Transverse process of 4 cervical vertebrae I = Vertebral border of scapula A = Elevates the scapula
25
Q
Trapezius
A
O = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and thoracic vertebrae. I = Acromion and spinous process of scapula, lateral third of clavicle. A = Extends the neck, rotates and adducts scapula, elevates or depresses the scapula
26
Q
Latissimus dorsi
A
O = Spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12 and lumbodorsal fascia I = Intertubercular grove of humerus A = Extends, adducts and medial rotates the shoulder
27
Q
Supraspinatus
A
O = Supraspinous fossa of the scapula I = Greater tubercle of humerus A = Abducts the arm
28
Q
Infraspinatus
A
O = Infraspinous fossa of the scapula I = Greater tubercle of humerus A = Lateral rotation of arm
29
Q
Teres minor
A
O = Lateral margin of scapula I = Greater tubercle of humerus A = Lateral rotation of arm
30
Q
Teres major
A
O = Inferior angle of scapula I = Intertubercular groove of humerus A = Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the arm
31
Q
Rhomboids, major and minor
A
O = Spinous process of C7 and T1 through T5 I = Medial border of scapula A = Adducts scapula and rotates it downward
32
Q
Triceps brachii
A
O = Long head at inferior margin of glenoid cavity, lateral head at posterior side of humerus, and medial head at distal radial groove of humerus. I = Olecranon process of the ulna A = Extends the forearm at the elbow
33
Q
Anconeus
A
O = lateral epicondyle of humerus I = Lateral side of olecranon process of ulna A = Abducts the ulna during forearm pronation, and extends elbow.
34
Q
Biceps brachii
A
O = Short head at coracoid process of scapula, long head at tubercle superior to glenoid cavity of scapula. I = Radial tuberosity A = Flexes the forearm at the elbow and supinates the forearm.
35
Q
Brachioradialis
A
O = distal end of humerus I = Coronoid process of ulna A = Flexes the forearm
36
Q
Brachialis
A
O = Distal portion of humerus I = Coronoid process of ulna A = Flexes the forearm
37
Q
Pronator Teres
A
O = Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna I = Shaft of the radius A = Pronates the forearm
38
Q
Supinator
A
O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus and proximal ulna I = Proximal end of radius A = Supinates the forearm at the elbow
39
Q
Flexor carpi radialis
A
O = Medial epicondyle of humerus I = Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals A = Flexes hand at wrist, and abducts hand at wrist.
40
Q
Palmaris longus
A
O = Medial epicondyle of humerus I = Fascia and skin of palm A = Flexes hand at wrist, tenses skin and fascia of palm
41
Q
Flexor carpi ulnaris
A
O = Medial epicondyle of humerus, posterior surface of ulna I = 5th metacarpal base, pisiform and hamate A = Flexes and adducts hand at wrist
42
Q
Flexor digitorum superficialis
A
O = Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, shaft of radius I = Middle phalanges of 2nd through 5th digits A = Flexes hand and middle phalanges of 2nd-5th digits.
43
Q
Flexor pollicis longus
A
O = Anterior surface of radius I = Distal phalanx of thumb A = Flexes thumb
44
Q
Flexor digitorum profundus
A
O = surface of ulna, and coronoid process I = Distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits A = Flexes distal phalanges
45
Q
Extensor carpi radialis longus
A
O = Supracondylar ridge of the humerus I = base of 2nd metacarpal A = Extends and abducts the hand at wrist
46
Q
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
A
O = Lateral epicondyle of the humerus I = Base of 3rd metacarpal A = Extends and abducts hand at wrist
47
Q
Extensor digitorum
A
O = Lateral epicondyle of the humerus I = Four tendons onto distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits A = Extends the digits at the hand
48
Q
Extensor carpi ulnaris
A
O = Lateral epicondyle of the humerus I = Base of 5th metacarpal A = Extends and adducts hand at wrist
49
Q
Abductor pollicis longus
A
O = Posterior shaft of radius and ulna I = Trapezium and 1st metacarpal A = Abducts and extends thumb
50
Q
Iliopsoas
A
O = Iliacus at the iliac fossa, iliac crest, and lateral sacrum; psoas major at bodies and transverse processes of t12 and lumbar vertebrae I = On and just below the lesser trochanter of the femur A = Flexes the thigh, flexes the trunk and laterally flexes the vertebral column
51
Q
Sartorius
A
O = Anterior superior iliac spine I = Medial side of proximal tibia by an aponeurosis A = Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh, flexes the leg at the knee
52
Q
Rectus Femoris
A
O = Anterior inferior iliac spine, superior margin of the acetabulum I = Tibial tuberosity and patella A = Extends the leg at the knee and flexes thigh at hip
53
Q
Tensor fascia latae
A
O = Anterior side of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine I = Iliotibial tract A = Flexes, abducts, medialy rotates the thigh
54
Q
Gracilis
A
O = Inferior ramus and body of pubis I = Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle
55
Q
Vastus lateralis
A
O = Greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line and linea aspera I = Tibial tuberosity and patella A = Extends the leg at the knee
56
Q
Vastus medialis
A
O = Linea aspera and intertrochanteric line I = Tibial tuberosity and patella A = Extends the leg at the knee
57
Q
Vastus intermedius
A
O = Anterior and lateral surface of femur I = Tibial tuberosity and patella A = Extends the leg at the knee
58
Q
Adductor longus
A
O = Pubis near pubic symphysis I = Linea aspera A = Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip
59
Q
Adductor magnus
A
O = Ischial and pubic rami, ischial tuberosity I = Linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur A = Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip
60
Q
Gluteus maximus
A
O = Posterior side of the ilium, sacrum and coccyx I = Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract A = Extends the thigh when it is elevated (as in climbing stairs), Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh
61
Q
Gluteus medius
A
O = Upper lateral surface of the ilium I = Greater trochanter of femur A = Abducts and medially rotates the thigh
62
Q
Biceps femoris
A
O = Long head at ischial tuberosity; short head at linea aspera and distal end of femur I = head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia A = Extends the thigh at the hip
63
Q
Semitendinosus
A
O = ischial tuberosity I = Medial side of the proximal tibia A = Extends the thigh at the hip, laterally rotates the thigh at the hip, flexes the leg at the knee
64
Q
Semimbranosus
A
O = Ischial tuberosity I = Medial side of the proximal tibia A = Extends the thigh at the hip, flexes the leg at the knee, medially rotates the thigh
65
Q
Tibialis anterior
A
O = Lateral condyle and superior shaft of tibia I = By a tendon onto cuneiform and 1st metatarsal A = Dorsiflexion, inverts foot, supports logitudinal arch
66
Q
Extensor digitorum longus
A
O = Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal fibula I = By a tendon that divides into 4 to insert at middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 A = Extension of digits, dorsifelxion
67
Q
Extensor hallucis longus
A
O = Shaft of fibula I = by a tendon onto the distal phalanx of digit 1 A = Extends big toe, dorsiflexion
68
Q
Fibularis longus
A
O = Head and shaft of fibula I = By a long tendon to 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform A = Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot
69
Q
Gastrocnemius
A
O = Two heads, medial and lateral condyles of the femur I = Calcaneus by way of the calcaneal tendon A = Plantar flexes the foot when knee is extended; flexes the leg at the knee.
70
Q
Soleus
A
O = Proximal end of tibia and fibula I = Calcaneus by way of the calcaneal tendon A = Plantar flexes the foot
71
Q
Popliteus
A
O = Lateral condyle of femur I = Proximal end of the tibia A = Flexes and rotates leg medially
72
Q
Tibialis Posterior
A
O = superior part of tibia and fibula I = tarsals, metatarsals 2-4 A = inverts foot, plantar flexes foot
73
Q
Flexor digitorum longus
A
O = Posterior surface of tibia I = Distal phalanges of 2-5th digits A = Flexes the digits , plantar flexes and inverts the foot
74
Q
Flexor hallucis longus
A
O = Shaft of fibula I = Distal phalanx of 1st digit A = Flexes the big toe, inverts the foot
75
Q
Fibularis brevis
A
O = Distal part of shaft of fibula I = by a tendon onto the proximal end of the 5th metatarsal A = Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot
76
Q
Dendrites
A
Branched processes at proximal end of neuron. They form synapses with axon terminals of other neurons . Stimulated by proceeding cell and conducts impulses to cell bodies.
77
Q
Axon
A
Single process from cell body but may branch into collateral axons. Carries impulse away from cell body and terminates in axon terminals.
78
Q
Axon hillock
A
Widened base of axon. Point where axon arises from cell body.
79
Q
Myelin Sheath
A
Axon covering of some peripheral neurons. Composed of lipoprotein molecules within Scwann Cells. Outer layer is called neurilemma.
80
Q
Axon terminals
A
Branched distal end of axon that forms synapses with dendrites of next cell or neuromuscular junction. Stores neurotransmitter.
