Exercise 3: Body Organization Flashcards
Coronal (frontal) plane
- Vertical plane
- Divides body into anterior and posterior structures.
- Cut along this plane gives a coronal or frontal section.
Transverse Plane
- Horizontal plane
- Divides body into upper and lower sections.
- Cut along this plane gives a transverse section
Sagittal Plane
- Vertical plane
- Divides body into right and left sections.
- Cut along this plane gives a sagittal section.
Mid-Sagittal line
- Line through the umbilicus.
2. Divides body into left and right halves.
Longitudinal Section
A slice made parallel to the long axis of a structure.
Cross-Section
A slice made at right angles to the long axis of a structure.
Relative term
One that only has meaning when it is compared to another
Open cavities
Open to the external environment, can be entered without cutting and are lined by an epithelium. Ex. Oral cavity, inside the stomach, inside the lungs, and inside the bladder.
Closed cavities
Entered only by cutting through a membrane. Ex. thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity, cranial cavity and spinal cavity.
Viscera
Internal Organs
The 2 dorsal cavities
- Cranial
2. Spinal
The 2 ventral cavities
- Thoracic
2. Abdominopelvic
Pleural Cavity
Part of the thoracic cavity. Contains the lungs encased by pleura.
Pericardial Cavity
Part of the thoracic cavity. Contains the heart encased by pericardium. Located in the mediastinum.
Diaphragm
Separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Abdominal Cavity
Contains the digestive organs. Encased by peritoneum.
Pelvic Cavity
Contains bladder and reproductive organs. Encased by peritoneum.
Pleura
Encases the lungs in the thoracic cavity
Parietal Layer
Lines the thoracic cavity. Also forms pericardial sac.
Visceral Layer
Lies directly on surface of lungs. Also fused directly to the surface of heart called the epicardium.
Peritoneum
Encases the abdominal and pelvic organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.
Anatomical divisions
Nine separate regions.
- Right hypochondriac- lies under the costal cartilage
- Epigastric- Superior to the stomach
- Left hypochondriac- Under costal cartilage.
- Right Lumbar- Region between ribs and pelvic bones.
- Umbilical- Over umbilicus
- Left Lumber- Between ribs and pelvic bones.
- Right inguinal- Groin region
- Hypogastric- Inferior to stomach
- Left Inguinal- Groin region
Clinical Divisions
4 separate regions:
- Right Upper Quadrant: majority of liver, gallbladder, right kidney,
- Left Upper Quadrant: Majority of stomach, majority of pancreas, spleen, left kidney.
- Right Lower Quadrant: cecum, appendix, right ovary, right uterine tube,right seminal vesicle, right vas deferens, right bulbourethral gland.
- Left Lower Quadrant: Sigmoid colon,
Midline organs
Clincal divisons. Urinary bladder, rectum and anus, uterus, and prostate gland
Integumentary System
- Protective barrier.
- Temperature Regulation
- Sensation
- Also includes hair, sweat glands and nails.
Muscular System
Body movement
Skeletal System
- Supports body
- Stores minerals
- Produces blood cells
- Allows or movement
- Also includes cartilage, ligaments and bone marrow
Nervous System
- Receives Information
- interprets information
- Initiates responses
Endocrine System
- Secretes hormones
2. Regulates body activity
Cardiovascular System
Transports blood.
Lymphatic System
- Kills pathogens
- Kills diseased cells
- Returns fluid from interstitial area to blood
Respiratory System
- Obtains Oxygen
2. Disposes of carbon dioxide.
Digestive System
- Digests food
2. Absorbs nutrients
Urinary System
- Eliminates waste
2. Balances pH, water, salt.
Male Reproductive System
- Produces Sperm
2. Secretes male hormones
Female reproductive system
- Produces ova
- Nourishes newborn
- female hormones.
