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Human A&P Lab > Exercise 3: Body Organization > Flashcards

Exercise 3: Body Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Coronal (frontal) plane

A
  1. Vertical plane
  2. Divides body into anterior and posterior structures.
  3. Cut along this plane gives a coronal or frontal section.
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2
Q

Transverse Plane

A
  1. Horizontal plane
  2. Divides body into upper and lower sections.
  3. Cut along this plane gives a transverse section
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3
Q

Sagittal Plane

A
  1. Vertical plane
  2. Divides body into right and left sections.
  3. Cut along this plane gives a sagittal section.
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4
Q

Mid-Sagittal line

A
  1. Line through the umbilicus.

2. Divides body into left and right halves.

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5
Q

Longitudinal Section

A

A slice made parallel to the long axis of a structure.

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6
Q

Cross-Section

A

A slice made at right angles to the long axis of a structure.

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7
Q

Relative term

A

One that only has meaning when it is compared to another

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8
Q

Open cavities

A

Open to the external environment, can be entered without cutting and are lined by an epithelium. Ex. Oral cavity, inside the stomach, inside the lungs, and inside the bladder.

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9
Q

Closed cavities

A

Entered only by cutting through a membrane. Ex. thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity, cranial cavity and spinal cavity.

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10
Q

Viscera

A

Internal Organs

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11
Q

The 2 dorsal cavities

A
  1. Cranial

2. Spinal

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12
Q

The 2 ventral cavities

A
  1. Thoracic

2. Abdominopelvic

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13
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Part of the thoracic cavity. Contains the lungs encased by pleura.

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14
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Part of the thoracic cavity. Contains the heart encased by pericardium. Located in the mediastinum.

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15
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

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16
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Contains the digestive organs. Encased by peritoneum.

17
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Contains bladder and reproductive organs. Encased by peritoneum.

18
Q

Pleura

A

Encases the lungs in the thoracic cavity

19
Q

Parietal Layer

A

Lines the thoracic cavity. Also forms pericardial sac.

20
Q

Visceral Layer

A

Lies directly on surface of lungs. Also fused directly to the surface of heart called the epicardium.

21
Q

Peritoneum

A

Encases the abdominal and pelvic organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.

22
Q

Anatomical divisions

A

Nine separate regions.

  1. Right hypochondriac- lies under the costal cartilage
  2. Epigastric- Superior to the stomach
  3. Left hypochondriac- Under costal cartilage.
  4. Right Lumbar- Region between ribs and pelvic bones.
  5. Umbilical- Over umbilicus
  6. Left Lumber- Between ribs and pelvic bones.
  7. Right inguinal- Groin region
  8. Hypogastric- Inferior to stomach
  9. Left Inguinal- Groin region
23
Q

Clinical Divisions

A

4 separate regions:

  1. Right Upper Quadrant: majority of liver, gallbladder, right kidney,
  2. Left Upper Quadrant: Majority of stomach, majority of pancreas, spleen, left kidney.
  3. Right Lower Quadrant: cecum, appendix, right ovary, right uterine tube,right seminal vesicle, right vas deferens, right bulbourethral gland.
  4. Left Lower Quadrant: Sigmoid colon,
24
Q

Midline organs

A

Clincal divisons. Urinary bladder, rectum and anus, uterus, and prostate gland

25
Q

Integumentary System

A
  1. Protective barrier.
  2. Temperature Regulation
  3. Sensation
  4. Also includes hair, sweat glands and nails.
26
Q

Muscular System

A

Body movement

27
Q

Skeletal System

A
  1. Supports body
  2. Stores minerals
  3. Produces blood cells
  4. Allows or movement
  5. Also includes cartilage, ligaments and bone marrow
28
Q

Nervous System

A
  1. Receives Information
  2. interprets information
  3. Initiates responses
29
Q

Endocrine System

A
  1. Secretes hormones

2. Regulates body activity

30
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Transports blood.

31
Q

Lymphatic System

A
  1. Kills pathogens
  2. Kills diseased cells
  3. Returns fluid from interstitial area to blood
32
Q

Respiratory System

A
  1. Obtains Oxygen

2. Disposes of carbon dioxide.

33
Q

Digestive System

A
  1. Digests food

2. Absorbs nutrients

34
Q

Urinary System

A
  1. Eliminates waste

2. Balances pH, water, salt.

35
Q

Male Reproductive System

A
  1. Produces Sperm

2. Secretes male hormones

36
Q

Female reproductive system

A
  1. Produces ova
  2. Nourishes newborn
  3. female hormones.

Human A&P Lab (7 decks)

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